The Self-Interpreting BibleJohn Brown of Haddington

The First Book of Moses, called Genesis

Genesis 18

Chapter XVIII · Vol. I, pp. 241–242

1 Abraham entertaineth three angels. 9 Sarah is reproved for laughing at the strange promise. 17 The destruction of Sodom is revealed to Abraham. 23 Abraham maketh intercession for the men thereof.

Notes ↓
Vol. I, p. 241

1 And the LORD appeared unto him in the plains of Mamre: and he sat in the tent-door in the heat of the day;

2 Anda he lift up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood by him: and, when he saw them, he bran to meet them from the tent-door, and bowed himself toward the ground,

a He. 13.2. ch. 19.1. Ju. 13.3,9.

b Ro. 12.13. ch. 23.7; 19.1; 33.6,7; 43.26,28. Ru. 2.10. 2 Ki. 2.15.

3 And said, My Lord,5 if now I have found favour in thy sight, pass not away, I pray thee, from thy servant.

5 Guided by some evidence of superiority, Abraham addresses but one, though three visit him; and he proffers and provides his hospitality to all.—C.

4 Let a little water, I pray you, be fetched, and wash your feet,6 and rest yourselves under the tree;

6 In countries where sandals, and not shoes, are worn, access to the feet for washing is easy; and in warm climates, as that of Canaan was, must be most refreshing to the traveller. We will find the custom continue in the days of our Saviour.—C.

5 And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort7 ye your hearts; after that ye shall pass on: cfor therefore are ye come8 to your servant. And they said, So do as thou hast said.9

7 Heb. stay.

c ch. 19.8; 33.10.

8 Heb. you have passed.

9 The hospitality of the Arabs, especially those who dwell in tents, is proverbial. No stranger could pass a tent door without receiving a pressing invitation to enter. I have many times been addressed by Arab chiefs in words almost identical with those in the text. The Bedawîn are polite as they are hospitable. Their manners are polished and dignified, and their language chaste. They are profuse in the use of titles of honour, saluting every stranger as 'my lord.' In their cookery too I have found them as expeditious as is here represented.—P.

6 And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready1 quickly dthree measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth.

1 Heb. hasten.

d Mat. 13.33.

7 And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetched a calf etender and good, and gave it unto a young man; and he hasted to dress it.

e Mal. 1.14. ch. 19.3. Ju. 13.16.

8 And he took butter and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and fthey did eat.2

f ch. 19.3. Lu. 24.43.

2 An Arab chief never eats with his guests; and he generally stands by while they eat, as if enjoying the view of his own hospitality.—P.

9 And they said unto him, Where is Sarah thy wife? And he said, Behold, in the tent.

10 And he gsaid, I will certainly return unto thee according to the time of life;3 and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah heard it in the tent-door, which was behind him.

g Ro. 9.8,9. ch. 17.16, 19,21; 21.2.

3 To fulfil my promise in due time.—C.

11 Now hAbraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age; and it ceased to be with Sarah after the manner of women.

h ch. 17.17. Ro. 4.19. He. 11.11, with ch. 31. 35.

12 Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying, iAfter I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?

13 And the LORD said unto Abraham, Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I of a surety bear a child, which am old?

14 Isk any thing too hard for the LORD? At the time appointed I will return unto thee, according to the time of life, and Sarah shall have a son.

15 Then Sarah ldenied, saying, I laughed not: for she was afraid. And he said, Nay; but thou didst laugh.

A.M. 2107. B.C. 1897.

l ch. 4.9. Col. 3.9. Ep. 4.25. Pr. 28.13.

16 And the men rose up from thence, and looked toward Sodom: and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way.

17 And the LORD said, mShall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do;

18 Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and nall the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him?

n ch. 12. 3; 22.17,18; 26.4. Ac. 3.25. Ga. 3.8. Ep. 1.3. Ps. 72.17.

19 For oI know him, that he pwill 4command his children, and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the LORD, to do justice and judgment; that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him.

o Ps. 1.6; 11.4; 34.15. Jn. 10.14. 2 Ti. 2.19.

p De. 6.7; 32.46. Pr. 22.6; 6.20-22. Ep. 6.4. 1 Ch. 28.9. Ps. 78.2-9. Is. 38.19.

4 Judgment was now about to commence on the descendants of Canaan, ch. 10.6-19, who had been educated by the unscrupulous Ham; the Lord therefore contrasts with it the opposite character of Abraham, as one who would 'command his children and household to keep the way of the Lord.' But the Lord 'might bring' on him, in his person and posterity, 'that which he had spoken of him.' Note, Parental education, consisting in word, temper, patience, example, and prayer, is the all and in all of a family or a country. There are two teachers—God and man. To parents it is said, 'Train up a child in the way that he should go,' and to the church it is promised, 'They shall all be taught of God.'—C.

20 And the LORD said, Because qthe cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous,

q ch. 4.10; 13.13. Is. 5.7; 3.9. Je. 14.7. Ja. 5.4.

21 I will rgo down5 now, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, which is come unto me; and if not, I will know.

r ch. 11.5. Je. 17.10. He. 4.13. Job 34.22; 23. 24. Ps. 90.8.

5 Whenever the infinite God reveals himself to finite man, God must needs present himself within finite limits. The only begotten Son must then declare him. On this principle God becomes subject to all the circumstances, not of finite being, but of finite manifestation, and consequently going and coming, and seeing, become necessary, not to God's knowledge, but to man's comprehension.—C.

22 And the men6 turned their faces from thence, and went toward Sodom: but Abraham sstood yet before the LORD.

6 Two created angels, ch. 19.1.

s Je. 15.1. Ps. 106.23. Eze. 22.30. 1 Ti. 2.1.

23 And Abraham drew near, and said, tWilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked?

24 Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city: wilt thou also destroy and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are therein?

25 Thatt be far from thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked; and that the righteous should be as the wicked, that be far from thee: Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?

26 And the LORD said, uIf I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for their sakes.

27 And Abraham answered and said, xBehold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the LORD, which am but dust and ashes:

x Ps. 8.4; 144.3. Job 4. 19. ch. 2.7; 3.19. Ec. 12.7. Is. 64.8.

28 Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous: wilt thou destroy all the city for lack of five? And he said, uIf I find there forty and five, I will not destroy it.

29 And he spake unto him yet again, and said, Peradventure there shall be forty found there. And he said, yI will not do it for forty's sake.

A.M. 2107. B.C. 1897.

y Ju. 6.39. Job 40.4. Is. 6.5. Ps. 89.7. He. 12.28,29.

Vol. I, p. 242

30 And he said unto him, yOh let not the LORD be angry, and I will speak: Peradventure there shall thirty be found there. And he said, Iy will not do it if I find thirty there.

31 And he said, zBehold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the LORD: Peradventure there shall be twenty found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for twenty's sake.

32 And he said, yOh let not the LORD be angry, and I will speak yet but this once: aPeradventure ten shall be found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for ten's sake.

33 And2 the LORD went his way, as soon as he had left communing with Abraham: and Abraham returned unto his place.3

2 1897.

3 The progress of this intercession is well calculated to encourage penitent sinners and prevent despair; but the cessation of it at ten, is equally calculated to alarm the thoughtless, and prevent presumption. How blessed that saying, 'If any man sin, we have an Advocate with the Father.'—C.

Notes

Ver. 2. When there were no public inns for travellers to refresh themselves, or lodge in, it was necessary and common for hospitable persons to invite them at noon or at eventide to their own houses, ch. 19. 1, 2; 24. 30, 31; Ju. 19. 20, 21; Job 31. 32.

Ver. 3. The person to whom Abraham addressed himself, and who was at least the chief speaker, was the Son of God and Judge of the world, ver. 25, with Jn. 5. 22.

Ver. 4. As people in those countries went barefooted, or with sandals, because of the heat, washing the feet after travelling was common and needful, ch. 19. 2; 24. 32; Ju. 19. 21; 2 Sa. 11. 8; 1 Ti. 5. 10; Lu. 7. 44.

Ver. 8. Abraham stood by them as their servant, to give them what they needed, Ne. 12. 44; Ga. 5. 13; Lu. 17. 8.

Ver. 10. Nine months hence, by my providence, and in fulfilment of my promise, Sarah shall have a son, ch. 17. 21.

Ver. 11. In respect of her age, and of the constitution of her body, she was past all hopes of child-bearing, ch. 17. 17; He. 11. 11; Ro. 4. 19.

Ver. 20, 21. By God's inquiring into things, is meant either his bringing the persons concerned to a proper sense of their condition and conduct, Ge. 3. 9; 4. 9, 10; 16. 8; 1 Ki. 19. 9, 13; Jn. 4. 4, 9; or it marks the wisdom, patience, and equity of his procedure, ch. 11. 5, 7; Ex. 3. 8; 33. 5; Mi. 1. 3.

Ver. 22, 23. Abraham's standing before and drawing near to the Lord, imports his bold and familiar intercession with him, 1 Sa. 14. 36; Ps. 73. 28; He. 7. 19; 10. 22; Ja. 4. 8.

Ver. 25. Whenever the righteous are cut off with the wicked in public calamities, it manifests them to have been partakers with them in their sins, Am. 3. 2; Re. 18. 4; and yet it is in everlasting mercy to their souls, Is. 57. 1; Phi. 1. 23.

Reflections.—Whilst I highly esteem the kind simplicity and humble modesty of these ancient times, let me chiefly admire the kindness of my Redeemer, in so frequently visiting our world in human shape, before the fulness of time for his being made of a woman! But alas, that ever his messages of peace should be laughed to scorn!—laughed to scorn by a saint! O what infinite mercy and patience, that he did not strike her—that he doth not strike us—dead in the very act of unbelief! How great is the honour and kindness which God hath prepared for such as are careful to win souls! While his procedure to punish the most abandoned transgressors is gradual and slow, readily he grants whatever forbearance his favourites can ask on their behalf—but much more what is asked on behalf of his children. What a deep sense of their own meanness and pollution familiar intercourse with God produceth in the choicest saints! His presence must always fill them with a holy fear, while, as their covenant God, they dare to plead before him, assured of a ready audience and a gracious answer.

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