The First Book of Moses, called Genesis
Genesis 19
Chapter XIX · Vol. I, pp. 242–244
1 Lot entertaineth two angels. 4 The vicious Sodomites are stricken with blindness. 12 Lot is sent for safety to the mountain. 18 He obtaineth leave to go into Zoar. 24 Sodom and Gomorrah are destroyed. 26 Lot's wife is made a pillar of salt. 30 Lot dwelleth in a cave. 31 The incestuous origin of Moab and Ammon.
1 And there came atwo angels to Sodom at even; and Lot4 satb in the gate of Sodom: and Lot, seeing them, rose up to meet them; and he cbowed himself with his face toward the ground;
a ch. 18.1-3,22.
4 The sacred historian, tracing the history of Abraham, has for some time been silent as to Lot. Though he had ungenerously taken the preference over Abraham, and sinfully chosen the rich plain of Sodom, yet he is called in Scripture a 'righteous man vexed with its wickedness,' and as such he must be delivered.—I.
c ch. 18.2.
2 And he said, Behold now, my lords, turn in, I pray you, into your servant's house, and tarry all night, and dwash your feet, and ye shall rise up early, and go on your ways. And they said, eNay; but we will abide in the street all night.5
3 And he fpressed upon them greatly; and they turned in unto him, and entered into his house; gand he made them a feast, and did bake unleavened bread, and they did eat.6
f Ac. 16.1,5. Lu. 11.8; 24.28,29.
g ch. 18. 6, 7. He. 13. 2. Ex. 12.15,39.
6 Lot had been trained to tent life. He had the feelings of a genuine Bedawy in regard to the claims of hospitality. He acted in the city as he would have acted in the desert—he not only invited, but he pressed, the strangers to enter his house. No invitation was given by any of the people of Sodom. It is the same to this day in Syria. A stranger would be left to lie in the street of a large city, while if passing through an Arab encampment he would get a pressing invitation to every tent.—P.
4 But hbefore they lay down, the men iof the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both old and young, all the people from every quarter.
5 And kthey called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them.
k Is. 3. 9. Ju. 19. 22. Ro. 1.27. Jude 7. Le. 18.22; 20.13. Je. 3.3; 6.15. 2 Ti. 3.13.
6 And Lot went out at the door unto them, and shut the door after him,
7 And said, I pray you, lbrethren, do not so wickedly.
l ver. 4. 1 Sa. 30. 23. Is. 58.7. Ac. 17.26.
8 Behold now, mI have two daughters which have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes:7 only unto these men do nothing; for therefore came they under the shadow of my roof.
A.M. 2107. B.C. 1897.
m Ro. 3.8. Ju. 19.24. ch. 42.37.
7 That temptation may lead a wise man to say a foolish thing, and a good man to purpose or do an evil thing, is often exhibited in the history of frail humanity. There can be no excuse, nor should any be attempted, for Lot in this offer. To violate hospitality would, no doubt, have been wrong; but one sin cannot be remedied by another. The sins of good men may be recorded, but never palliated.—C.
9 And they said, nStand back. And they said again, This oone fellow came in to sojourn, and he will needs be a judge: now will we deal worse with thee than with them. And they pressed sore upon the man, even Lot, and came near to break the door.8
n Is. 65.5. 1 Sa. 17.44. Mat. 7.6. Je. 3.3; 6.15.
o ch. 13.11. 2 Pe. 2.7, 8.
8 The beauty of the angels inflamed their lust.
10 But the men put forth their hand, and pulled Lot into the house to them, and shut to the door.
11 And they smote the men that were at the door of the house with blindness,9 both small and great: so that they pwearied themselves to find the door.
9 Blindnesses, 2 Ki. 6.18?.
12 And the men said unto Lot, qHast thou here any besides? son-in-law, and thy sons, and thy daughters, and whatsoever thou hast in the city, bring them out of this place:
q ch. 7. 1. Nu. 16. 26. Ex. 12.31. Jos. 6.22. Re. 18.4. ver. 17,22.
13 For rwe will destroy this place, because the cry of them is waxen great before the face of the LORD; and the LORD hath sent us to destroy it.
r Is. 3.11. Ps. 11. 5,6. ch. 18.20; 13.13. Ro. 3.8, 9. Eze. 3.4,8,9. Jude 7.
14 And Lot went out, and spake unto his sons-in-law, which married his daughters, and said, sUp, get you out of this place; for the LORD will destroy this city. But he tseemed as one that mocked unto his sons-in-law.
s Re. 18.4. Nu. 16.26. ver. 17,22. Lu. 19.42.
t 1 Th. 5. 3. Mat. 24. 38. 2 Ch. 36.16. Eze. 20. 49. Je. 20.7.
15 And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying, uArise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters, which are 1here; lest thou be consumed in the iniquity2 of the city.
16 And, xwhile he lingered,3 the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the LORD ybeing merciful unto him: and they brought him forth, and set him without the city.
x Ps. 119.59,60. Zec. 2.3. Jn. 6.44.
3 Lot presents a remarkable instance of the conflict between faith and sight, 2 Co. 5.7. He is directed to depart immediately, he does not refuse, yet he lingers still. He is brought forcibly out, and warned to escape to the mountains; yet he entreats a refuge in a city of the plains. But the weakness of man is overruled to magnify the mercy of the LORD, who hearkens to his humble intercession, and spares the city for his sake. The name of this city, formerly Bela, Ge. 14. 2, was changed to Zoar, which signifies little, in commemoration of the plea for mercy which Lot presented.—Note, Every work is easy to omnipotence; every grant is little to the richness of mercy. See Ep. 2.4.—C.
y Ex. 34. 6. Is. 63. 9. Mi. 7.18,19. Ps. 103. 10; 106,8; 86.5,15. Lu. 6.35, 36.
17 And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said, zEscape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed.
z ver. 14,15,22. 1 Ki. 19.3. Mat. 24.16. Ac. 27. 31. Lu. 9. 62. Phi. 3.13, 14.
18 And Lot said unto them, aOh! not so, my Lord.
a Ac. 10. 14. ch. 32. 26. Is. 45.11.
19 Behold now, thy servant hath found grace in thy sight, and thou bhast magnified thy mercy, which thou hast showed unto me in saving my life; and I cannot escape to the mountain, lest csome evil take me, and I die.
20 Behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one: Oh! let me escape thither, (is it not a little one?) and my soul shall live.
21 And he said unto him, dSee, I have accepted thee3 concerning this thing also, that I will not overthrow this city, for the which thou hast spoken.
d Ps. 145. 19; 34. 15; 102.17. Is. 45.11. Lu. 11. 8.
3 Heb. thy face.
22 Haste thee, escape thither; for eI cannot do any thing4 till thou be come thither: therefore the name of the city was called Zoar.
e ch. 32.26,28. Ex. 32. 10. Is. 45.11; 65.8. Mar. 6.5. Ps. 91.1-10.
4 The incapacity is not from want of power, but of will. The purpose of mercy to Lot must precede the purpose of judgment on the wicked cities.—C.
24 Then gthe LORD rained5 upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven:
g Job 18. 15. De. 29. 23. Is. 13. 19. Je. 50. 40; 49.18. Eze. 16. 49. Ho 11. 8. Am. 4.11. Lu. 17. 29. Jude 7. Job 18. 15; 20.16. Ps. 11.6. Zep. 2.9. La. 4.6. 2 Pe. 2.6.
5 The raining of brimstone and fire from heaven, has been made the subject of ridicule by thoughtless infidels. Yet would they reflect for a moment, they would remember how it is said, The rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, Is. 55. 10. Yet that rain and that snow were previously exhaled from the waters. In like manner, may not the brimstone have first been ejected from the bowels of the earth, where its terrible stores abound, and then again be literally rained from heaven!—C.
25 And he overthrew those cities, and hall the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.
h ch. 13.10; 14.3.
26 But his wife ilooked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt.6
i He. 10.38. Pr. 14.14. Lu. 17.32.
6 Burning sulphur produces a vapour which, if it once fill the lungs, is instantly destructive to life. Lot's wife, looking back, while the vapour followed, was accordingly suffocated. This vapour, and the bituminous fire (see De. 29. 23), would literally convert the body into a salt. And the body being deprived of motion, and becoming rigid in a standing posture, and (it may be, surrounded and sustained by various volcanic products) would literally become a pillar, or statue, of salt.—C.
27 And Abraham gat up early in the morning to the place where he stood kbefore the LORD:
k ch. 18.22-33.
28 And he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the plain, and beheld, and, lo, the lsmoke of the country went up as the smoke of a furnace.
29 And it came to pass, when God destroyed the cities of the plain, that God mremembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow, when he overthrew the cities in the which Lot dwelt.
30 And Lot nwent up out of Zoar, and dwelt in the mountain, and his two daughters with him; for he feared to dwell in oZoar: and he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters.
31 And the first-born said unto the younger, Our father7 is old, and there is pnot a man in the earth qto come in unto us after the manner of all the earth;
A.M. 2107. B.C. 1897.
7 We have said, on the evidence of Peter, that Lot was a righteous man; but how is the character consistent with this horrible narrative? Simply on the same ground that Peter's blasphemous denial of our Lord, Mat. 26. 70, 74, is consistent with his afterwards weeping bitterly, when Jesus turned and looked on him. The Scriptures record the sins of men, because they must tell truth; and they denounce their punishment or display their evil consequences, or record the repentance of the sinner, to teach us to flee from the wrath to come.—C.
p ver. 28. Mar. 9.6.
q ch. 4.1; 6.4; 16. 2, 4. De. 25.5.
32 Come, let us make our father rdrink wine, and we will slie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father.
r ch. 9.21. Pr. 23. 31-33; 20.1. 1 Co. 10.11.
33 And they made their father drink wine that night: and the first-born went in, and lay with her father; and he perceived not when she lay down, nor when she arose.
34 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the first-born said unto the younger, Behold, tI lay yesternight with my father: let us make him drink wine this night also; and go thou in, and lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father.
35 And they made their father drink wine uthat night also: and the younger arose, and lay with him; and he perceived not when she lay down, nor when she arose.8
36 Thusx were both the daughters of Lot with child by their father.
x ver 8, with Ju. 1.7. 1 Sa. 15.33. Mat. 7.2.
37 And the first-born bare a son, and called his name Moab:9 the same is the father of the yMoabites unto this day.
9 Of my father.
y Nu. xxii.-xxiv. Ju. iii. 2 Sa. viii. 2 Ki. iii.
38 And the younger, she also bare a son, and called his name Ben-ammi:1 the same is the father of the zchildren of Ammon unto this day.
1 Son of my people.
z De. 2. 9, 19. Ju. xi. 1 Sa. xi. 2 Sa. x. Both of them were accursed nations, De. 23. 3. Ne. 13. 1, 23, 25. See Introduction.
Notes
Ver. 2. They meant, that they did not desire to trouble him, nor would consent unless they were pressed. Thus Christ, when constrained by his disciples, went in to tarry with them, Lu. 24. 28, 29; and Paul and Silas, when constrained by Lydia, lodged in her house, Ac. 16. 15.
Ver. 8. It was the confusion he was put into that led him to make this sinful offer, rather than have his guests abused, Mar. 9. 6.
Ver. 11. It was such a dimness and confusion of sight as that mentioned 2 Ki. 6. 18; Ac. 13. 11; Mar. 8. 24; Lu. 24. 16.
Ver. 14. Either Lot's virgin-daughters had been only betrothed to them, or Lot had other daughters who perished in the flames.
Ver. 17. The angel Jehovah was now come up from Abraham, and charged Lot and his companions to depart with the utmost haste, and without the smallest regret, from that rich country abounding with sensual pleasures, Lu. 9. 62; Phi. 3. 13, 14; Mat. 24. 16-18.
Ver. 20. Its inhabitants are few, and their guilt less; nor could it be a noted example of thy vengeance.
Ver. 24. "Then the Lord rained upon Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire," etc., Jn. 5.19; Ps. 11. 6; Job 18. 15; as a figure of their eternal sufferings in hell, Jude 7; 2 Pe. 2. 6; Re. 14. 10, 19, 20; 21. 8.
Ver. 25. The vale of Siddim was burned up and turned into a salt sea, ch. 14. 3; Nu. 34. 12; De. 3. 17; Jos. 3. 16.
Ver. 26. A lasting monument of God's wrath against her disobedience, unbelief, and love to the world, Lu. 17. 32; Nu. 16. 38.
Ver. 27. [This place was a few miles east of Hebron, on the brow of the mountain ridge which commands that section of the valley in which the doomed cities stood. P.]
Ver. 28. [Recent researches have thrown some little light on this wondrous catastrophe. The Dead Sea occupies the lowest part of a long deep valley—so deep that the surface of the water is no less than 1292 feet below the level of the ocean. The northern section of the sea is very deep, and the southern very shallow, only a few feet of water covering a slimy plain, along whose shores are salt-springs and fragments of sulphur and bitumen. In this southern section once stood the cities. The plain around them was filled, as we are told, with bitumen pits. Bitumen is inflammable, and when ignited would burn fiercely. Mr. Tristram visited a wady at the southern end of the sea, which he thus describes: 'There are exposed on the sides of the wady large masses of bitumen mingled with gravel. These overlie a thick stratum of sulphur, which again overlies a thicker stratum of sand strongly impregnated with sulphur.' He says that the bitumen is calcined, and bears marks of having been subjected to extreme heat—'The whole appearance points to a shower of hot sulphur, and an irruption of bitumen upon it.' The sacred writer farther says that the vale of Siddim became the Salt Sea. Suppose the vale to have sunk a few feet, or the water to have risen a few feet, after the burning of the cities, either supposition would accord with the biblical narrative, would not be without a parallel in the history of countries exposed to earthquakes, and would not be opposed to any results of modern observation. It would accord, besides, with the views of ancient writers and with uniform Jewish tradition. P.]
Ver. 29. God showed his regard to his own promise of making him a blessing, ch. 12. 3, and to his intercession in behalf of Sodom, ch. 18. 25, and to Lot's relationship to him, ch. 14. 14, 16.
Ver. 30. [The character of Lot is marked by timidity (compare ver. 19 and 30), yet was he a righteous man, 2 Pe. 2. 7.—Note, Grace, in conversion, seldom takes away the original character of the natural man; but merely overrules its deficiencies to humble him and warn others; and refines and elevates its excellencies; and thus, by the Spirit, mortifies the old while it quickens and establishes the new man. C.]
Reflections.—What an advantage it is for the world that in very wicked places some persons truly pious may be found! How encouraging to entertain strangers, when 'some have thereby entertained angels unawares!' To what shocking impudence, in the vilest abominations, men's corruptions can carry them, and that notwithstanding sharp corrections or remarkable deliverances, ch. xiv. How readily those who reprove sin by their godly conversation are an eyesore to the wicked! How quickly the protectors of God's messengers are rewarded with remarkable protection or with rescue from danger! How prone are hardened sinners to sport with the most serious warnings of ruin, near and terrible!—and even saints, if strongly attached to worldly things, to defer or shift the means which have been prescribed by God for their safety! But let us remember that it is infinitely hazardous to be under the reigning power, or even the prevalence, of a carnal and unbelieving heart; for though God wonderfully restricts the range of his judgments for the sake of his people, and in answer to their prayers, yet he is and will be just in depriving them of that wealth which they sinfully attempted to increase by mingling themselves with the wicked, ch. 13. 10, 11. Yea, he causes men to be quickly wearied of the shifts which themselves devised for their safety, and obliged to take that at last which he at first prescribed them. But how dangerous is drunkenness! for it readily issues in whoredom and lasting shame.