The Book of Nehemiah
Nehemiah 10
Chapter X · Vol. II, pp. 918–919
1 The names of those that sealed the covenant. 29 The points of the covenant.
1 Now those that sealed1 were,2 aNehemiah theb Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,
1 Heb. at the sealings.
2 Three orders, princes, Levites, and priests, are appointed to seal the covenant (ch. 9. 38), as representatives and chiefs of the nation. When they come to seal, however, this order is reversed, and after the governor, who seals first, for example, the sealing is in the order of priests, Levites, and princes. A change, not without meaning, as a memorial that the vanity of precedence should find no place in the service of God, Ja.1.1-4.—C.
a ch.1.2.
3 Pashur, Amariah, Malchijah,
4 Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch,
5 Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah,
6 Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch,
7 Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin,
8 Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah: these were the priests.3
A.M. 3560. B.C. 444.
3 Chief fathers among them.—[This does not imply that Nehemiah was a priest. He signed at the head of the whole nation, as Tirshatha or governor; after him followed the priests as named.—P.]
9 And the dLevites: both Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;
d Chief ones, ch.12.8,9.
10 And their brethren, Shebaniah, Hodijah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan,
12 Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah,
13 Hodijah, Bani, Beninu.
14 The chief of the people; fParosh, Pahath-moab, Elam, Zatthu, Bani,
f ch.7.8-24. Ezr.2.3-19. Only the chief of the priests, Levites, and people subscribed it.
15 Bunni, Azgad, Bebai,
16 Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin,
17 Ater, Hizkijah, Azzur,
19 Hariph, Anathoth, Nebai,
20 Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir,
21 Meshezabeel, Zadok, Jaddua,
22 Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah,
23 Hoshea, Hananiah, Hashub,
24 Hallohesh, Pileha, Shobek,
25 Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah,
26 And Ahijah, Hanan, Anan,
27 Malluch, Harim, Baanah.
28 Andh the rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the porters, the singers, the Nethinims, and all they that had separated themselves from the people of the lands unto the law of God, their wives, their sons, and their daughters, every one ihaving knowledge, and having understanding;4
h Ezr.2.42-61; x. ch.7.45-63; 13.3,30. 2 Co.6.14-17.
4 This covenant was acknowledged by all whose education and attainments enabled them to form a judgment of its requirements and obligations. None, however, sealed but the nobles; the rest gave in their adhesion by a solemn acknowledgment that 'cursed is every one that continueth not in all things written in the book of the law to do them,' and a solemn vow that, through the grace which they sought by sacrifice and prayer, they would observe it to the end, Ps. 119. 33, 34.—C.
29 They kclave5 to their brethren, their nobles, and entered into a curse, and into an oath, to walk in God's law, which was given by6 Moses the servant of God, and to lobserve and do all the commandments of the LORD our Lord, and his judgments and his statutes;
k De.29.12,14,19. ch.5.12,13. Ps.119.106. 2 Ch.15.12; 34.31,32.
5 Or, adhered. They gave their consent to what their representatives had done, adding an oath by which they bound themselves to observe the law, and an imprecation if they should fail in the fulfilment of their oath.—I.?
6 Heb. by the hand of.
l De.4.2; 5.32; 12.32. Ps.119.5,6,32. Jn.15.14. Lu.1.6. 1 Co.15.58. Tit.2.11-14. Ac.24.16. 2 Co.1.12.
30 And that we would not give mour daughters unto the people of the land, nor take their daughters for our sons:
31 Andn if the people of the land bring ware or any victuals on the sabbath-day to sell, that we would not buy it of them on the sabbath, or on the holy-day; and that we would leave the oseventh year, and the pexaction of every7 debt.8
n Ex.20.10; 12.16. Le.23.3,21,35; 16.29. De.5.12. ch.13.15-22. Je.17.21.
o Ex.23.10,11. Le.25.4.
7 Heb. every hand.
8 That is, such debts as the impoverished people owed to the rich—a relaxation of right, which mercy still requires of believers, because they ask of God to forgive them the debts they cannot pay to him, Mat.6.12.—C.
32 Also we made qordinances for us, to charge ourselves yearly with the third part of a shekel[≈ 3.8 g · 0.13 oz] for the service of the house of our God;9
q Ge.28.22. Pr.3.9,10. 2 Sa.24.24.
9 The law (Ex. 30. 12) has been adduced to authorize an annual poll-tax of half a shekel for the tabernacle or temple service; but there appears in the law itself no authority for an annual tax upon any, but merely one payment from males on arriving at the age of twenty. This annual payment of half a shekel was, therefore, not the Mosaic ordinance modified, but an ordinance of the nobles, Levites, and priests, and most probably sanctioned by some of the contemporary prophets.—C.
33 For the rshow-bread, and for the continual meat-offering, and for the continual burnt-offering, of the sabbaths, of the new-moons, for the set feasts, and for the holy things, and for the sin-offerings, to make an atonement for Israel, and for all the work of the house of our God.
A.M. 3560. B.C. 444.
r Le.24.5-10; 4.13-21; xvi. 2 Ch.2.4; 24.5-14. Nu.xv.xxviii.xxix.
34 And we scast the lots among the priests, the Levites, and the people, for the twood-offering,1 to bring it into the house of our God, after the houses of our fathers, uat times appointed, year by year, to burn upon the altar of the LORD our God, as it is written in the law:
s Pr.18.18; 16.33. 1 Ch.xxiv.-xxvi.
t ch.13.30. Le.6.12. 1 Sa.2.15. Is.40.16, with Jos.9.27. 1 Ch.9.2.
1 The furnishing of wood for the temple was the duty of the Nethinims (Ezr.8.20), but as few of them returned from Babylon (Ezr.2.58. Ne.7.60), this draft from the Levites and people became necessary to supply their places. In the time of Josephus (Bell. lii.? c. 17, sec. 6) the day of the wood-offering had become a feast-day.—C.
35 And xto bring the first-fruits of our ground, and the first-fruits of all fruit of all trees, year by year, unto the house of the LORD:
36 Also the yfirst-born of our sons, and of our cattle, (as it is written in the law,) and the firstlings of our herds and of our flocks, to bring to the house of our God, zunto the priests that minister in the house of our God:
37 And athat we should bring the first-fruits of our dough, and our offerings, and the fruit of all manner of trees, of wine and of oil, unto the priests, bto the chambers of the house of our God; and the ctithes of our ground unto the Levites, that the same Levites might have the tithes in all the cities of our tillage.
a Le.23.17. Nu.15.19-21; 18.12, &c. De.18.4; 26.2.
b 1 Ch.9.26. 2 Ch.31.11, &c.
c Le.27.20,32. De.14.22. 2 Ch.31.5,6,12. ch.13.12. Nu.18.24-30.
38 And the priest the son of Aaron shall be with the Levites, dwhen the Levites take tithes: and the Levites shall bring up the tithe of the tithes2 unto the house of our God, to the chambers, into the treasure-house.
d Nu.18.24-29.
2 This was enjoined, Nu. 18. 26, the whole covenant being an abridgment or popular memorandum of certain Mosaic ordinances, with such additions (ver. 32, 34) as the present circumstances rendered necessary. C.——The tithes of all the produce of the fields were brought to the Levites; out of these a tenth part was given to the priests. This is what is called the tithe of tithes. When the people brought their tithes to the Levites, one of the priests was appointed to be present to inspect them, and to see that without fraud they tithed the tithes; that is, set out the tenth part of what they had received for the priests.—I.?
39 For the children of Israel and the children of Levi eshall bring the offering of the corn, of the new wine, and the oil, unto the chambers, where are the vessels of the sanctuary, and the priests that minister, and the porters, and the singers: and we fwill not forsake the house of our God.
e De.12.6,11,17; 14.23. Mal.3.8.
f He.10.25. Ps.137.5,6; 122.9; 27.4; 84.10. De.12.19. ch.13.10.
Notes
[Ver. 28. All, except infants incapable of understanding the meaning of the act, gave their formal and public assent to the covenant. Four classes signed and sealed as representatives of the whole nation, namely, (1) Nehemiah, as governor; (2) the priests; (3) the Levites; and (4) the chiefs of the people. After these had signed, the people themselves, by a public act, bound themselves to the engagement of their leaders. P.]
Ver. 31. [They engaged to observe the strict letter of the Mosaic law contained in Ex. 23. 10, 11 and Le. 25. 4; namely, to leave the land fallow on the seventh or sabbatical year. P.]
Ver. 33. [This was a national tax imposed upon the whole body of the people for the support of the established religion. It was independent of all free-will or voluntary contributions and offerings. It was independent of the regular contributions of wood for the fires of the temple, and of the first-fruits, the redemption-money of the first-born, and in fact of all the ordinary tithes and offerings enjoined in the law. P.]
Reflections.—It is honourable to be solemnly and publicly bound in the service of God; and especially is it becoming when they who have the lead in civil or sacred offices, or in solemn fasting, are correspondently forward in regular covenanting with God. But in all our covenants of duty a respect must be had to all God's commandments; and a peculiar guard be placed over those temptations which we have seen to be the occasion of other men's falls and to prove most dangerous to ourselves. They ought to be framed in direct opposition to that of which we have been guilty, or to which we are most likely to be tempted. And plainness and caution are indispensably necessary in the whole frame of them, that all who swear them, or are bound by them, may readily know what obligations they come under.
Measures in square brackets are modern equivalents added for this edition. They are not in the King James text or in Brown’s notes. They use common scholarly estimates: a cubit is about 45.7 cm (18 in), a shekel about 11.4 g (0.4 oz), an ephah about 22 litres. Money values give the worth of the silver or gold at spot prices on 28 October 2026, not what the sum would buy in the ancient world.