The Book of Nehemiah
Nehemiah 9
Chapter IX · Vol. II, pp. 916–918
1 A solemn general fast and humiliation. 4 The Levites make a religious confession of God's goodness, and of the national sins.
1 Now in the twenty and fourth day of athis month the children of Israel were assembled with bfasting, and with sackclothes, and cearth upon them.
a ch.8.2.
b 2 Sa.12.16. 1 Ki.21.27. Is.22.12. Jonah 3.5,8. Joel 2.12; 1.14.
2 And the seed of Israel dseparated themselves from all strangers,1 and stood and econfessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers.
d Ezr.10.1-12. ch.13.3,23-30. 2 Co.6.14-17.
1 Heb. strange children.
e Pr.28.13. Je.3.13. ch.1.6. Ezr.9.6-15. Da.9.3-16. 2 Ch.30.22. Le.26.40. 1 Jn.1.9.
3 And they stood up in their place, and fread in the book of the law of the LORD their God one fourth part of the day; and another fourth part they confessed, and 2worshipped the LORD their God.3
f ch.8.7,8. De.31.11,12.
2 By prayer and praise.
3 This is decidedly the most extraordinary religious service upon record. On the first day of the month the people were assembled, as one man, at the feast of trumpets, ch. 8. 1. On the second was an assembly for studying the law (ch. 8. 13), and from that time till the last day of the meeting (ch. 8.18) the reading and exposition of the word continued for six hours every day, with other six hours for confession of sin to God and solemn religious worship, that is, of sacrifice, singing, and prayer, ch. 9. 3. On the tenth was the day of atonement; on the fourteenth began the feast of tabernacles, which lasted seven days; on the twenty-fourth, the people and rulers separated themselves from all idolatrous strangers, and concluded the service with a solemn covenant to observe the law of the Lord.—C.
4 Then stood up upon the gstairs,4 of the Levites, Jeshua, and Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenani, and hcried with a loud voice unto the LORD their God.
g Or, scaffold, ch.8.4.
4 Hebrew, 'upon the ascent' probably the ascent from the court of the people to the court of the priests in the temple. This would give a commanding position to the speakers, and afford an opportunity to a very large number of hearing the addresses.—P.
5 Then the Levites, Jeshua, and Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabniah, Sherebiah, Hodijah, Shebaniah, and Pethahiah, said, Stand up5 and bless the LORD your God for ever and ever; and blessed be thy glorious name, which is exalted above all blessing and praise.
5 Europeans cannot easily form an idea of the readiness with which an Asiatic assembly can sit down in an open field, court, or street. And though the European Jews do not now practise the Asiatic mode of sitting, yet there can be little doubt it must have been adopted here, as the request to 'stand up' distinctly implies.—C.
6 Thou, even thou, iart LORD alone: thou hast made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their host, the earth, and all things that are therein, the seas, and all that is therein, and thou kpreservest them all;6 and the host of heaven worshippeth thee.
7 Thou art the LORD the God, who didst choose Abram, and broughtest him forth out of Ur of the Chaldees, and gavest him the name of Abraham;
8 And foundest his heart faithful before thee, and madest a covenant with him, to give the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Jebusites, and the Girgashites, to give it, I say, to his seed, and lhast performed thy words; for thou art righteous:7
9 Andm didst see the affliction of our fathers in Egypt, and heardest their cry by the Red sea;
m Ex.3.7; 2.25; 14.10-31. Is.63.7-9. Ac.7.19,34.
10 And showedst signs8 and wonders upon Pharaoh, and on all his servants, and on all the people of his land; for thou knewest that they dealt nproudly against them: so didst thou get thee a name,9 as it is this day.
11 And thou didst divide the sea before them, so that they went through the midst of the sea on the dry land; and their persecutors thou threwest into the deeps, as a stone into the mighty waters.
12 Moreover, thou oleddest them in the day by a cloudy pillar, and in the night by a pillar of fire, to give them light in the way wherein they should go.
o Ex.13.21,22; 40?.36,37. Nu.9.15-23. Ps.78.14; 105.39. Is.48.21; 63.12,13.
13 Thoup camest down also upon mount Sinai, and spakest with them from heaven, and gavest them right judgments, and qtrue laws, good statutes and commandments:
p Ex.xix.xx.-xxxi. Le.i.-xxvii. De.iv.-ix. Eze.20.11. Ps.147.19,20. Ac.7.38.
q Heb. laws of truth, Ps.19.8-10; cxix. Ro.7.12,14.
14 And madest known unto them thy rholy sabbath,1 and commandedst them precepts, statutes, and laws, by the hand of Moses thy servant:
15 And sgavest them bread from heaven for their hunger, and tbroughtest forth water for them out of the rock for their thirst, and promisedst them that they should ugo in to possess the land which thou hadst sworn to give 2them.3
s Ex.16.14,15. De.8.3. Ps.78.24,25; 105.40,41.
t Ex.17.6. Nu.20.9, &c. 1 Co.10.3,4.
u Ex.23.23,31; 34.11,24. De.1.8. He.6.17.
2 Heb. which thou hadst lift up thine hand to give them.
3 In this beautiful public prayer there is a summary, brief but comprehensive, of the whole history contained in the Pentateuch. It begins with creation; it notices the call of Abram, and the leading events in the eventful history of his descendants down to the time of their settlement in Palestine. The prayer contains therefore a remarkable testimony to the authenticity and divine authority of the five books of Moses.—P.
16 But they and our fathers xdealt proudly, and hardened their necks, and hearkened not to thy commandments,
17 And refused to obey, neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them;4 but hardened their necks, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage:5 but thou art ya God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and zforsookest them not.
4 Israel's forgetfulness of the wisdom and deliverances of God would scarcely be credible, if we did not know our own hearts. But let him that thinks it impossible Israel could have been so forgetful and ungrateful, only examine himself, and there he will find proof of the Scripture history, and see that 'as face answereth to face, so the heart of man.' Pr.27.19.—C.
5 Though the narrative (Num. 14. 4) merely expresses the wish for a captain to lead them back to slavery; when it is compared with this confession, the actual appointment is evident. But is it credible that any people could resolve to return to slavery? Most credible—an epicurean people would prefer any bondage to the want of luxuries, Ex. 16. 3. Phi.3.19.—C.
y Heb. a God of pardons, Nu.14.18,19. Ex.34.6,7. Mi.7.18.
18 Yea, when they had made them a molten calf, and said, This is thy God that brought thee up out of Egypt, and had wrought great provocations;
19 Yeta thou, in thy manifold mercies, forsookest them not in the wilderness: the pillar of the cloud departed not from them by day, to lead them in the way, neither the pillar of fire by night, to show them light, and the way wherein they should go.
a Eze.20.9,14,22. Ps.106.8. ver.17.
20 Thou gavest also thy bgood Spirit6 to instruct them, and withheldest not thy manna from their mouth, and gavest them water for their thirst.
A.M. 3560. B.C. 444.
b Nu.11.25-27. Is.63.11. Ps.143.10.
6 The Spirit is the only sufficient instructor. Neither to teachers nor study, nor to genius, should we trust. The Spirit alone can teach us the things of Christ, Jn.14.26. 1 Co. 12. 3.—C.
21 Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, so that they clacked nothing: their clothes waxed not old, and their feet swelled not.7
22 Moreover, thou dgavest them kingdoms and nations, and didst divide them into 8corners: so they possessed the land of Sihon, and the land of the king of Heshbon, and the land of Og king of Bashan.
d Ps.44.2,3; 66.12; 78.54,55; 68.12; 105.44; 135.10-12; 136.17-22. Jos.vi.-xxi. Nu.21.21-25. De.2.26-36; 3.1-17. Ac.7.45.
8 Places of retirement, privacy, and safety, in which the corners and measurings were accurately and minutely marked, as indicative of my care to prevent disputes, and insure quiet possession.—C.
23 Their children also emultipliedst thou as the stars of heaven, and fbroughtest them into the land concerning which thou hadst gpromised to their fathers, that they should go in to possess it.
24 So the children went in and possessed the land, and thou hsubduedst before them the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, and gavest them into their hands, with their kings, and the people of the land, that they might do with them as they would.
h ver.22. Nu.21.21-35. Jos.vi.-xii.
25 And they took istrong cities, and a fat land, and possessed houses full of all goods, wells9 digged,1 vineyards, and olive-yards, and fruit trees in abundance: so they did eat, and were filled, and became fat, and delighted themselves in thy great goodness.
i Nu.13.28. De.3.5; 8.7-10; 6.10,11; 9.1; 11.9-12; 32.13. Ex.3.8.
9 Or, cisterns.
1 The importance of wells in countries within or even approaching the tropics is generally very great. In more northern or southern latitudes, abundance of water renders its value less perceptible.—Note, Just so, in settled and supplied churches, the possession of a gospel ministry and ordinances is slightly estimated, but in less favourable circumstances the want is severely felt.—C.
26 Nevertheless they kwere disobedient, and rebelled against thee, and lcast thy law behind their backs, and mslew thy prophets, which testified against them to turn them to thee, and they wrought great provocations.
k Ps.78.56-58; 106.34-43. Eze.xvi.xxiii. Ju.i.-vi.x. &c. 2 Ki.17.7-17.
l Eze.23.35. Ps.50.17. 1 Ki.14.9.
m 1 Sa.22.21. 1 Ki.18.10; 19.2. 2 Ch.24.22; 36.15,16. Je.26.20-23. Mat.21.35; 23.34,37. 1 Th.2.15.
27 Therefore thou ndeliveredst them into the hand of their enemies, who vexed2 them: and in the time of their trouble, when they cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and, according to thy manifold mercies, thou gavest them osaviours, who saved them out of the hand of their enemies.
n Ju.2.14,15; iii.iv.vi.x.-xii.xvi. Ps.106.40-46. Le.26.14-39. De.28.15-68; 32.21-26.
2 The whole of the book of Judges is an illustration of these statements. In the introduction to that book, ch. 2. 14, &c., we have a summary of the history which it contains, and an exposition of the principles according to which God regulated his dealings with the nation, in almost the same terms as are here employed.—I.?
o 2 Ki.13.5; 14.27. Ob.21. Ju.2.18; 3.9,15; 4.6; 6.14; 11.33; 13.5. 1 Sa.7.10.
28 But after they had prest, they qdid evil again before thee;3 therefore leftest thou them in the hand of their enemies, so that they had the dominion over them: yet when they returned, and cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and rmany times didst thou deliver them according to thy mercies;
p Jos.14.15. Ju.3.11,30; 5.31; 8.28.
q De.32.15-26. Ju.2.18,19; iii.-xi.
3 How strange that rest should lead to rebellion against God; but such has been human nature in all generations—calling upon God in the storm, forgetting him in the calm.—C.
29 And stestifiedst against them, that thou tmightest bring them again unto thy law: yet they dealt proudly, and hearkened not unto thy commandments, but sinned against thy judgments, (which uif a man do, he shall live in them;) and withdrew the shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear:
s 2 Ki.17.13. 2 Ch.36.15. Ho.6.5. Je.25.3-7; 7.25; 26.5; 32.33.
t Am.3.12. Je.18.7,8. 2 Ch.24.19.
A.M. 3560. B.C. 444.
30 Yet many years didst thou xforbear them, and ytestifiedst against them by thy Spirit4 in thy prophets; yet would they not give ear: therefore gavest thou them into the hand of the people of the lands.
31 Nevertheless, for thy zgreat mercies' sake thou didst not utterly consume them, nor forsake them; for thou art aa gracious and merciful God.
a 2 Ki.13.23. 2 Ch.30.9. Ps.86.15. Ex.34.6,7. ver.17,19.
32 Now therefore, bour God, the great, the mighty, and the terrible God,5 who keepest covenant and mercy, let not call the trouble6 seem little before thee that hath come upon us,7 on our kings, on our princes, and on our priests, and on our prophets, and on our fathers, and on all thy people, since the dtime of the kings of Assyria unto this day.
5 Terrible to sinners, to enemies, and even to believers, because of their acknowledged imperfections.—C.
c 2 Ch.xxviii.; 32.1-22; xxxiii.xxxv.xxxvi. 2 Ki.xxiv.xxv. Ezr.iv.v. ch.iii.-vi.
6 Heb. weariness.
7 Heb. that hath found us.
d 2 Ki.15.19,29; 17.3. Is.7.17,18; 8.7,8.
33 Howbeit thou art ejust in all that is brought upon us; for thou hast done right, but we have done wickedly.
34 Neither have four kings, our princes, our priests, nor our fathers, kept thy law, nor hearkened unto thy commandments and thy testimonies, wherewith thou didst testify against them.
f Da.9.8,10,11. Ps.106.6,7. 2 Ch.xxi.xxiv.xxv.xxviii.xxxiii.xxxvi.
35 For they ghave not served thee in their kingdom,8 and in thy great goodness that thou gavest them, and in the large and fat land which thou gavest before them; neither turned they from their wicked works.
g De.32.12-18; 28.47. Ro.2.4,5.
8 Every kingdom is bound, as such, to serve Christ, and will stand accountable to God for any neglect or resistance of this great end of their creation.—C.
36 Behold, we are hservants this day; and for the land that thou gavest unto our fathers, to eat the fruit thereof, and the good thereof, behold, we are servants in it:
37 And it yieldeth much increase unto ithe kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins: also they khave dominion over our bodies, and over our cattle, at their pleasure,9 and we are in great distress.
k De.28.31,43,51. ch.5.3-5.
9 There were no written laws, no constitutional charter, the sole law was the will of the king.—C.
38 And lbecause of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; and our princes, Levites, and priests, seal1 unto it.2
l ver.34-37. 2 Ch.15.12,13; 29.10; 34.30,31. De.29.12-15. Ezr.10.3. Is.44.4,5. ch.10.29.
1 Heb. are at the sealing.
2 This was a great and solemn act of national covenanting. First, there was the national adoration of God as supreme in creation and providence; then there was a public confession of national sin and repeated acts of rebellion; then there was clear acknowledgment of the justice of God as displayed in national punishment; and finally there was the solemn covenant, written and sealed, to acknowledge and serve God faithfully in all time to come.—P.
Notes
[Ver. 5. Stand up. The common attitude of both Jews and Samaritans at prayer is a half-kneeling half-sitting posture,—the knees upon the ground, but the body thrown back so as to rest upon the heels, the hands being crossed in front, and the eyes fixed in humility on the ground. At certain parts of their devotional exercises they suddenly rise from this posture and stand upon their feet, raising their voices at the same time in praise to God. P.]
Ver. 6. ['Heaven,' the visible firmament, sun, moon, and stars; 'the heaven of heavens,' the immediate dwelling-place of God and all the holy angels. There is a beautiful summary of the universe given in this verse. God is adored as supreme creator, preserver, and governor. P.]
Reflections.—It is a great mercy when God's word burdens men's consciences with a sense of their sins; and when reformation from sin and fasting for it go hand in hand. Those fasts are made profitable in which men's souls are afflicted for their sins, the bands of wickedness are loosed, intimate fellowship with God enjoyed, and in which God's goodness leads to repentance. O what multitudes of mercies to us and to our fathers may a diligent observer of providence discover! What gracious calls and covenants! What deliverance, direction, provision, and establishment! What giving of the law and of the promises! What warnings against and pardons of our sins! What amazing patience and long-suffering! What well-timed and well-adjusted corrections! And it is necessary to confess our fathers' iniquities as well as our own, or we make ourselves heirs to them, and shall share in the punishment of them. We must likewise search out the aggravations of our sins, and seek not to exculpate ourselves, but to justify God. O what a root of wickedness and woe is the pride of men's heart! Often by it we revolt from the free and honourable service of God into the basest slavery. But God's infinite mercy, and his constant adherence to his new relation with Christ, and in him with us, ought to encourage us to return to him under the deepest sense of our provocations. And solemn evangelical promises to God is peculiarly proper when we have notoriously departed from him, are sharply corrected by him, and earnestly desire to return to him.