The Self-Interpreting BibleJohn Brown of Haddington

The Proverbs

Proverbs 30

Chapter XXX · Vol. II, pp. 1114–1115

1 Agur's confession of his faith. 7 The two points of his prayer. 10 The meanest are not to be wronged. 11 Four wicked generations. 15 Four things insatiable. 17 Parents are not to be despised. 18 Four things hard to be known. 21 Four things intolerable. 24 Four things exceeding wise. 29 Four things stately. 32 Silence in case of error the way to prevent wrath.

Notes ↓

1 THE words of Agur the son of Jakeh, even thea prophecy: the man spake unto Ithiel, even unto Ithiel and Ucal,1

a ch.31.1. Nu.24.3. 2 Pe.1.19-21.

1 See note * in second column.

* Of Agur, Jakeh, Ithiel, and Ucal, nothing is historically known, and conjecture is useless. Nor is it generally so important to know who a man was, as to know his sentiments—his principles of action. Agur signifies stranger or gathered; Jakeh, ready obedience; Ithiel, God with me; Ucal, power. C.—The fourth great division of the book begins with this chapter. It is different from all the others. Its author is different, and its style and subject are different. In the words of Agur we have, as Ewald says, a succession of beautiful little pictures illustrating great moral truths. The style is not so dignified, nor is the language so pure and archaic in character, as the early portions of the book.—P.

2 Surelyb I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man.

3 Ic neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge2 of the holy.

4 Whod hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? ewho hath gathered the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? who hath established all the ends of the earth? whatg is his name, and what is his son's name, if thou canst tell?3

d Jn.3.13. Ro.10.6.

e Job 38.4,&c. Ps.104.3,&c.; 135.7; 24.2; 50.2,3. Is.40.12,&c.

g De.28.58. Is.9.6; 53.8. Job 11.7.

3 This appears from Ro.10. 6 to be a prophetical inquiry after Christ—What is his name? &c. This is an evident reference to God the Father and his eternal Son. See 1 Jn. 1. 1-3.—C.

5 Everyh word of God is 4pure: ihe is a shield unto them that put their trust in him.

h Ps.12.6; 18.30; 19.8; 119.140.

4 Heb. purified.

i Ps.84.9,11; 115.9-11; 91.2; 3.3; 5.12; 18.35.

6 Addj thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar.

7 Two things have I required of thee;5 deny me them not6 before I die:

5 Of thee? Of thee, the LORD. Ver.9.—C.

6 Heb. withhold not from me, Lu.10.42. Ja.5.16.

8 Removek far from me vanity and lies; give me neither poverty nor riches; lfeed me with food 7convenient for me:8

k Ps.119.29,37. Is.33.15.

l Mat.6.11. 1 Ti.6.8.

7 Heb. of my allowance.

8 This is not a prayer for a 'middle place,' an imaginary 'golden mean' between poverty and riches, but a prayer against temptation either by the one or the other, and a prayer for food convenient, with satisfaction and contentment in the allotments of Providence.—C.

9 Lestn I be full, and deny thee,9 and say, Who is the LORD? oor lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain.

n Ne.9.25,26. De.32.15; 31.20; 8.12. Ho.13.6. Je.5.5.

9 Heb. belie thee.

o Ps.125.3.

10 Accusep not1 a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty.2

p 1 Sa.22.9. Ro.14.4.

1 Heb. Hurt not with thy tongue.

2 This is not confined to a mere protection for the servant of an earthly master, but for the servants also of the 'one Master in heaven.' See Mat. 23. 10. Ro. 14. 4. And, be it specially remembered, that it was under an accusation laid against him as a servant before Jehovah that our Lord suffered at the hands of Caiaphas and the Jews.—C.

11 There is a generation that qcurseth their father, and doth not bless their mother.

q ver.17. Le.20.9. De.27.16. ch.20.20.

12 There is a generation that are rpure in their own eyes, and yet is not washed from their filthiness.

13 There is a generation, O how slofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up.

A.M. cir. 3029. B.C. cir. 975.

s ch.6.17; 26.12; 8.13. Hab.2.4. Is.2.11,17; 65.5; 28.1,3. Lu.18.11,12.

14 There is a generation whose teeth are as swords, and their jaw-teeth as knives, to tdevour the poor from off the earth, and the needy from among men.3

t Job 29.17. ch.12.18. Ps.52.2; 57.4; 14.4. Am.8.4. Hab.3.14. Zep.3.3. Mi.2.1; 3.2,3.

3 There is a generation of unnatural and blasphemous contemners of authority (ver.11), of self-righteous, hypocritical Pharisees (ver. 12), of proud self-conceited despisers (ver.13), and of cruel oppressors (ver. 14): four grievous classes amongst unregenerate men.—C.

15 The horse-leech hath two 4daughters, crying, Give, give. There are three things that are never satisfied, yea, four things say not, It is enough:5

4 The horse-leech hath two daughters—that is, two similitudes. The first two of the four, viz., 'the grave and barren womb,' the one like Rachel (Ge.30.1), saying, 'Give me children, or else I die;' the other as eagerly repeating, in the language of nature and ear of reason, 'Give me thy children—let them die.'—C.

5 Heb. Wealth.

16 Theu grave; and the barren womb; the earth that is not filled with water; and the fire that saith not, It is enough.

u ch.27.20. Hab.2.5. He.6.7. Is.30.33.

17 Thev eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley6 shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it.

v ch.20.20; see ver.11. Ge.9.22,25, with Mat.13.4,19. Le.20.9.

6 Or, the brook.

18 There be three things which are too wonderful for me, yea, four which I know not:

19 Thex way of an eagle in the air; ythe way of a serpent upon a rock; the way of a ship in the midst7 of the sea; and zthe way of a man with a maid.

20 Sucha is the way of an adulterous woman; she eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness.

a ch.7.14,15. Je.7.9,10; 8.12. Re.17.3. 2 Th.2.9,10.

21 For three things the earth is disquieted, and for four which it cannot bear:

22 Forb a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he is filled with meat;

23 Forc an odious woman when she is married; and an handmaid dthat is heir to her mistress.

c ch.19.13; 21.9,19; 27.15.

d Ge.xvi.xxi. ch.29.21.

24 There be four things which are elittle upon the earth, but they are exceeding wise:8

e Job 12.7. 1 Co.1.27.

8 Heb. wise made wise, Job 39.1,&c.

25 Theg ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer;

g ch.6.6-9. Ec.9.10. Mat.6.19,20.

26 Theh conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;

27 Thei locusts have no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands;9

i Ex.10.4. Le.11.22. Joel 1.4; 2.7,11. Is.33.4.

9 Heb. gathered together.

28 Thej spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in kings' palaces.

j ch.22.29. Job 8.13,14.

29 There be three things which go well, yea, four are comely in going:

30 A lion,1 which is strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any;

1 Heb. a mighty old lion, Nu.23.24. ch.28.1.

31 A greyhound;2 and an he-goat also; and a king, kagainst whom there is no rising up.

2 Heb. girt in the loins; or, a horse.

k Ec.8.4. 1 Ki.4.24,25. Is.9.6.

32 Ifl thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thyself, or if thou hast thought evil, nlay thine hand upon thy mouth.

l Hab.2.4. ch.26.12. Ec.8.3.

n Job 21.5; 40.4. Ro.3.19. Mi.7.16. ch.17.28. Ec.10.4.

33 Surely the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood; oso the forcing of wrath bringeth forth strife.

A.M. cir. 3029. B.C. cir. 975.

o ch.17.14; 10.12; 15.18; 16.28; 26.21; 28.25; 29.22; 22.24.

Notes

Ver. 2. Though of men I am the least learned, and human wisdom possess not; and though in science I have had no instruction, yet of holy things have I knowledge—(Hodgson). C.

Ver. 19. The eagle soaring high in air, its eye and appetite on earth, till, with the rapidity of lightning, it descends upon its unsuspecting prey.—The serpent scaling the lofty rock, where armies could not follow, and noiselessly and fatally smiting its victim.—The ship, impelled by invisible winds, adopting innumerable courses, braving all dangers—then deceitfully 'reposing on her shadow' in port, as if she had never felt the wind or been tossed upon a wave.—The man secretly desiring, and, undeterred by coldness or repulse, ardently wooing and winning the maid of his choice; and in the exercise of chastened and holy affections, not only conscious of no guilt, but fully assured of a blessing: these four are the emblems of the adulteress. As the eagle she on her prey descends; as the serpent she glides and poisons her victim; as the ship in the storm she is tossed by passions, yet seems ever in the calm of smiles and blandishments; and with all the ardour of youthful devotedness seeking the object of its hallowed affections will she pursue her guilty courses, and, by aid of a hardened conscience (her substitute for innocence), will she 'feast, and wipe her mouth, and say, I have done no wickedness.'—And woe to the lamb when the eagle soars! and woe to the callow bird when the serpent glides! and woe to the sailor-boy who trusts the calm and never foresees the storm! and woe to the man who yields his peace and salvation to the persevering lures, the deceitful smiles, and the hardened conscience of an adulteress! Col. 3. 5, 6; He. 13. 14; Re. 22. 15. C.

Reflections.—Let me thus always think meanly of myself, and highly of my God and Saviour, and of his works and Word: and be a good savour of Christ to all around me. Earnestly should I covet further degrees of holiness, but be regardless as to the comforts and enjoyments of this life, and content with such things as I have. Let me never be a busybody in other men's matters, but heedfully watch against the temptations incident to my own condition. Let me never be an idle spectator of what is around me: but whatever evil I observe, let me avoid, hate, and mourn over it; and whatever good I observe, even in animals, let me, in a Christian manner, imitate the same. If I have proudly involved myself in sin, humbly should I repent of it, and always avoid contention before it be meddled with. Nothing is to be got by pride, passion, or ill language but bloodshed and damage.

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