The Book of Daniel
Daniel 9
Chapter IX · Vol. III, pp. 1400–1402
1 Daniel considering the time of the captivity, 3 maketh confession of his people's sins. 16 And prayeth for the restoration of Jerusalem. 20 Gabriel informeth him of the seventy weeks.
1 In the first year of aDarius, the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes,1 which2 was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans;
B.C. cir. 538.
a ch.5.31; 6.1-28.
1 Darius of the seed of the Medes—so called to distinguish him from Darius the Persian. He was son of Astyages, and brother of Mandana, the mother of Cyrus. The Septuagint calls him Artaxerxes, and Xenophon calls him Cyaxares.—C.
2 Or, in which he, &c.
2 In the first year of his reign, I Daniel understood bby books3 the number of the years, whereof the word of the LORD came to cJeremiah the prophet, that he would accomplish seventy years in the ddesolations of Jerusalem.
b Ps.119.24. 1 Ti.4.13. 2 Ti.3.15-17. 1 Pe.1.10-12.
3 By books. So the prophecies of Jeremiah are called. See Je.25.13; 29.1.—C.
c Je.25.11,12; 27.7; 29.10. Mi.3.12. 2 Ch.36.21.
d Je.7.34; 9.11; 21.5,6; 22.11,18. Is.64.10. Ps.79.1,2; 74.3,7.
3 And eI set my face4 unto the Lord God, tog seek by prayer and supplications, hwith fasting, and sackcloth, and ashes:
4 And I prayed unto the LORD my God, and imade my confession, and said, O jLord, the great and dreadful God, keeping the covenant and mercy to them that love him, and to them that keep his commandments:
5 Wek have sinned, and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have rebelled, even by departing from thy precepts, and from thy judgments:
k Ps.106.6. Is.64.5-7. 1 Ki.8.48-50. Ne.1.7.
6 Neither lhave we hearkened unto thy servants the prophets, which spake in thy name to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, and to all the people of the land.
l 2 Ch.36.15,16. Zec.7.8-12. Je.7.23-26; 44.4,5; 25.3; 26.5; 29.19; 32.33.
7 O Lord, nrighteousness 5belongeth unto thee, but unto us oconfusion of faces, as at this day: to the men of Judah, and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and unto all Israel, pthat are near, and that are far off, through all the countries whitherq thou hast driven them, because of their trespass that they have trespassed against thee.
8 O Lord, rto us belongeth confusion of face, to our kings, to our princes, and to our fathers, because we have sinned against thee.
r See ver.7. Eze.16.63.
9 To the Lord our God sbelong mercies and forgivenesses, tthough we have rebelled against him;
s Ex.34.6,7. Nu.14.18. Ps.62.12; 130.4,7,8; 86.5,13. La.3.22. Ne.9.17. Mi.7.18,19. Is.63.7.
t Is.63.15,16. Ps. lxxviii. cvi. Eze. xvi. xx.-xxiii. Is. lix.
10 Neither have we obeyed the voice of the LORD our God, to walk in uhis laws which he set before us by his servants the prophets.
11 Yea, vall Israel have transgressed thy law, even by departing, that they might not obey thy voice; therefore xthe curse is poured upon us, and the oath that is written in the law of Moses the servant of God, because we have sinned against him.6
x Le.26.14-39. De.27.15-26; 28.15-68; 29.18-28; 30.17,18; 31.17; 32.19-27.
6 Here is a remarkable testimony not merely to the antiquity and Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch, but to its divine authority. The prophetic curse therein recorded against the Jews is acknowledged to have been fulfilled. Its fulfilment was known and acknowledged of all in Daniel's days. Prophecy can only be from God.—P.
12 And yhe hath confirmed his words, which he spake against us and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil: for under the whole heaven zhath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem.
13 As ait is written in the law of Moses, all this evil is come upon us: yet made we not our prayer before the7 LORD our God, that we might turn from our iniquities, and understand thy truth.
a Le.26.14-39. De.28.15-68. La.2.15-17.
7 Heb. entreated we not the face of the, &c., Ho.7.7. Job 35.9,10; 36.13. Is.1.5; 26.11.
14 Therefore hath the LORD bwatched upon the evil, and brought it upon us: for cthe LORD our God is righteous in all his works which he doeth: for we obeyed not his voice.
15 And now, O Lord our God, dthat hast brought thy people forth out of the land of Egypt with a mighty hand, and hast gotten thee erenown,8 as at this day; we have sinned, we have done wickedly.
16 O Lord, according to all gthy righteousness,9 I beseech thee, let thine anger and thy fury be turned away hfrom thy city Jerusalem, thy holy mountain; because for iour sins, and for the iniquities of our fathers, Jerusalem and thy people are become ja reproach to all that are about us.
g 1 Sa.12.7. Ps.31.1; 71.2; 143.1. Mi.6.5. Ne.1.8,9; 9.8. 1 Th.1.6.
9 According to all thy righteousness. According to all that grace and mercy (ver. 18) promised in the 'seed of the woman;' 'God manifest in the flesh;' 'Jehovah our righteousness.'—C.
h Zec.8.3. Ps.48.1,2; 87.1-3; 76.1,2; 132.13,14. 2 Ch.6.6.
i Ex.20.5. Le.26.39. Ps.106.6-43. Is. lix.
j La.1.8,9; 3.14; 2.6,15. Ps.44.13,14. Je.24.9.
17 Now, therefore, O our God, khear the prayer of thy servant, and his supplications, and cause thy face to shine upon thy sanctuary that is desolate, for the Lord's sake.1
k Ps.80.1,3,7,14-19; 67.1; 80.3,7,19. Nu.6.24-26; 74.1-3,18-23. Jn.16.24. Ep.1.6,7. Ex.3.7. 2 Co.1.20. La.5.18.
1 For the Lord's sake. For Messiah's sake; he being fully known to the Jews by the title of 'Lord,' Ps.110.1.—C.
18 O my God, lincline thine ear, and hear; open thine eyes, and behold our desolations, and the city which is called by thy 2name: nfor we do not present3 our supplications before thee for our righteousnesses, but for thy great mercies.
19 O Lord, ohear; O Lord, forgive; O Lord, hearken, and do; pdefer not, for thine own sake, O my God; for thy city and thy people are called by thy name.
o ver.18. Ps.130.2,4; 25.11; 57.2.
p Ps.79.9,10. Is.48.9; 63.16,19. Jos.7.9.
20 And qwhiles I was speaking, and praying, rand confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel, and presenting my supplication before the LORD my God sfor the holy mountain of my God;4
4 Ver. 20-23 I have long considered among the most cheering in Scripture. It proves that prayer is powerful, however sceptics may cavil and philosophers speculate. The earnest prayer—the prayer of faith, penetrates to the very throne of God, and receives an immediate response. The answer may not be what we have looked for; it may not be given in the mode which we expected; but it is given, and given in such a way as divine wisdom sees to be best for us. What comfort is there to the suffering Christian in ver. 21! 'Whiles I was speaking in prayer'—before the petition was finished; 'At the beginning of thy supplications'—ere the desires of the heart had yet found utterance in words; God heard, and his messenger was sent forth with a message of mercy.—P.
q ver.21; ch.10.12. Ps.32.5. Ac.4.31; 13.2. Is.58.9; 65.24.
s Ps.137.5,6. Is.62.7. ver.16. Joel 2.17; 3.17. Is.56.7; 57.13. Zec.8.3.
21 Yea, whiles I was speaking in prayer, even the man tGabriel,5 whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to ufly swiftly,6 touchedv me xabout the time of the evening oblation.
A.M. cir. 3466. B.C. cir. 538.
t ch.8.16,17; 10.16. Lu.1.19,26.
5 See note * below.
u Ps.103.20. Is.6.2. Eze.1.11,14.
6 Heb. with weariness or flight.
v ch.8.18; 10.10,16.
x 1 Ki.18.36. Ezr.9.5. Mat.27.46. Ac.10.3; 3.1.
* Gabriel—strength of God. Not a created angel, but the Angel of Jehovah's presence, 'God manifest' in human form.—C.
22 And he yinformed me, and talked with me, and said, O Daniel, I am now come forth to give thee skill and understanding.
23 Atz the beginning of thy supplications the commandment8 came forth, and I am come to show thee; for thou art greatly beloved:9 therefore understand the matter, and consider the vision.
z Ja.5.16-18. Is.58.9; 65.24. ch.10.12. Ps.32.5.
8 Heb. word.
9 Heb. a man of desires, ch.10.11,19. Lu.1.28.
24 Seventya weeks1 are determined upon thy people, and upon thy holy city, to finish2 the transgression, and to make an end of3 sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and bto bring in everlasting righteousness, and to cseal up the vision and prophecy,4 and to danoint ethe Most Holy.
a Le.25.8. Nu.14.34. Eze.4.5,6.
1 Seventy weeks. Weeks of years, as the sabbatic years, Le. 25. 8; 70 times 7, or 490 years; a day for a year. See Nu.14.34. Eze.4.6.—C.
2 Or, to restrain, Mat.1.21. Tit.2.14. 1 Jn.3.8. Is.35.3,4. Ga.3.13. Ro.3.25. 2 Co.5.21. Ro.8.34; 10.4.
3 Or, to seal up, Col.2.14. La.4.22.
b Is.53.10,11. Je.23.6. 2 Co.5.21. He.9.12,14. 1 Pe.3.18.
c Mat.11.13. Lu.24.27,44,46. Ac.10.43. 2 Co.1.20.
4 Heb. prophet, Ac.3.22.
25 Know,g therefore, and understand, that from hthe going forth of the commandment to restore and to build5 Jerusalem, unto ithe Messiah the Prince, shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again,6 and the wall,7 even in troublous times.8
26 And after threescore and two weeks lshall Messiah be cut off, but not9 for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come nshall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a oflood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.1
27 And he shall pconfirm the2 covenant with many for one week: and in the midst3 of the week rhe shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of sabominations4 he shall make it desolate, even until tthe consummation, and uthat determined shall be poured upon the 5desolate.6
A.M. cir. 3466. B.C. cir. 538.
s Mat.24.15. Mar.13.14. Lu.21.20.
4 Or, with the abominable armies.
t Is.10.22,23; 28.22. ch.11.36. Lu.21.26. Ro.11.26.
u Le.26.14-39. De.4.26-28; 28.15-68; 29.18-28; 30.17,18; 31.18,29; 32.19-27. Lu.21.24. 1 Th.2.15,16. Ps.69.22-28.
5 Or, desolator
6 Upon the desolate. Upon the desolator—upon proud and merciless Rome, doomed, in her turn, to destruction.—C.
p Is.42.6; 55.3. Je.31.31-34; 32.40-42. Eze.16.62,63. Is.53.11. Mat.20.28. Ro.5.15-19. He.9.28.
2 Or, a.
3 Or, half part.
r He.10.5-22.
Notes
Ver. 24-26. That these verses relate to the manifestation of Jesus Christ to fulfil all righteousness, and make full atonement for the sins of his people, to fulfil all the ancient types and prophecies, and to receive the Holy Ghost above measure himself, and miraculously pour him out upon his followers, for the restraining of iniquity, and the introduction of remarkable holiness into the world, among both Jews and Gentiles, is generally agreed. That each of the weeks mentioned denotes seven years, a day for a year, Eze. 4. 6; and that the whole of the numbers is intended to point out the time of our Saviour's appearance, is also agreed. In applying the weeks there has been great difference among calculators; but it is enough that they must all fix the conclusion of the weeks near the time of our Saviour's death. From Ezra's commission, by Artaxerxes Longimanus, in the seventh year of his reign, to restore the affairs of the Jewish church and state, to the death of Christ, is precisely 70 weeks, or 490 years. From Nehemiah's commission to rebuild the wall of Jerusalem, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes, to the death of Christ, is 490 lunar years, and a little more; or perhaps precisely 490 to the rejection of the Jews and calling of the Gentiles. From Ezra's commission to Nehemiah's finishing his reformation might be precisely 7 weeks, or 49 years; thence to John Baptist's manifestation (by his ministry) of Christ as come, 62 weeks, or 434 years; thence to Christ's death another week, or 7 years;—490 in all. Perhaps, too, from Julius Cæsar's edict for the Jews to repair and fortify their cities, to Christ's birth, might be precisely 49 years; and as much from Herod's building of the inner temple to Christ's baptism; and as much from his finishing the outer temple to Christ's death.
In the last week, ver. 27, the promise was confirmed with many, and the daily sacrifice abolished, either by Christ's ministrations, and the conversion of multitudes to him by the promise of grace, and by his rendering useless all the typical sacrifices by his death; or near forty years afterward, when Titus made leagues of peace with sundry of the Asian nations, that he might have the more leisure to make war against the Jews; by which their temple was destroyed, their civil and ecclesiastical constitution overthrown, and themselves generally murdered or driven from the country; under the dreadful effects of which they have remained for above 1700 years past. [See Introduction, ch. iv. sec. xviii.]
Ver. 25. This was not the 'commandment' of Cyrus, which related merely to the temple, Ezr. 1. 1-3; nor of Darius, which only confirmed the former, Ezr. vi.; nor of the 7th of Artaxerxes, which merely confirmed the decrees of his predecessors, Ezr. 7. 7, 13. 31; but is the decree of the 20th Artaxerxes, Ne. 2. 1, 6-8, and from this date the 70 weeks are to be computed. Now the 20th Artaxerxes was 445 B.C. Then take 70 Chaldee years, equal to 69 Julian; and so 478 Julian years, making 483 Chaldee years, will terminate A.D. 33, the date of Messiah's death. If the time be reckoned from the 7th Artaxerxes, the result is the same. Thus, Artaxerxes' 7th is 457 B.C., which, taken from 490, the whole 70 weeks, arrives at the same date, A.D. 33. C.
Reflections.—The near fulfilment of God's promises animates the believing mind to earnest prayer for it. But, alas! how shameful and criminal is the conduct that exposes God's people to his righteous judgments, which so exactly correspond with his threatenings! The desolations of God's sanctuary are a great grief to gracious souls. But it is an animating encouragement to prayer to consider his readiness to forgive sins, his ability to supply our wants, and that he has done so much for his people in former times, and can glorify his name, his Christ, his justice and mercy, and his relation to us, in our deliverance! Yea, God sometimes makes immediate and sensible returns to the prayers of his people, and gives them more than they ask. And with great humility and serious consideration ought such favours to be received! Necessary, great, and glorious, and fixed in every circumstance, is Jesus' incarnation, his unction with the Holy Ghost, his labours and death for sinners; and terrible the judgment incurred by his obstinate despisers. But great is the mercy that, when some circumstances in Scripture are left in great obscurity, the principal things are expressed so plainly that he that runs may read and understand them.