The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel
Ezekiel 20
Chapter XX · Vol. III, pp. 1337–1340
1 God refuseth to be consulted by the elders of Israel. 5 He showeth the story of their rebellions in Egypt, 13 in the wilderness, 27 and in the promised land. 33 He promiseth to gather them by the gospel. 45 Under the name of a forest he showeth the destruction of Jerusalem.
1 And it came to pass in the aseventh year,1 in the fifth month, the tenth day of the month, that certain of bthe elders of Israel came cto inquire of the LORD, and dsat before me.
B.C. cir. 592.
a ch.1.2; 8.2; 24.1; 26.1; 29.1,17; 30.20; 31.1; 32.1; 40.1.
1 The seventh year of the reign of Zedekiah and captivity of Jeconiah, from which Ezekiel dates his chronological prophecies, ch.1.2; 8.1.—C.
b ch.8.1; 14.1.
c ch.14.3. 1 Ki.22.15. Is.58.2; 29.13. Mat.22.16. ch.33.30.
2 Then came the word of the LORD unto me, saying,
3 Son of man, speak unto the elders of Israel, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD, Are ye come to inquire of me? eas I live, saith the Lord GOD, I will not be inquired of by you.2
4 Wilt thou gjudge3 them, son of man, wilt thou judge them? hcause them to know the abominations of their fathers;
5 And say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day when iI chose Israel, and 4lifted up mine hand5 unto the seed of the house of Jacob, and jmade myself known unto them in the land of Egypt, when I lifted up mine hand unto them, saying, kI am the LORD your God;
6 In the day that lI lifted up mine hand unto them, to nbring them forth of the land of Egypt, into a land that I had oespied for them, flowingp with milk and honey, which is the gloryq of all lands;
7 Then said I unto them, rCast ye away every man the abominations of his eyes, and sdefile not yourselves with the idols of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.
r ch.18.6,15,31. 2 Ch.15.8.
s ch.23.3,8. Le.17.7; 18.3. De.29.16-18. Jos.24.14.
8 But they trebelled against me, and would not hearken unto me: they did not every man cast away the abominations of their eyes, neither did they forsake the idols of Egypt:6 then I said, Iu will pour out my fury upon them, to accomplish my anger against them in the midst of the land of Egypt.
t Jn.2.12-15. 1 Ki.11.5-8. 2 Ki.21.3, &c. Ne.9.16. Ex.6.9.
6 This circumstance is not recorded by Moses; but it is implied in the readiness with which they lapsed into idolatry in the wilderness—an event not to be accounted for upon any principle but their predisposition to, or practice of, idolatry.—C.
u 2 Ki.22.16,17. ver.13. Nu.14.29. Ps.106.23. ch.5.13; 7.8.
9 But vI wrought for my name's sake,7 that it should not be polluted before the heathen, among whom they were, in whose sight I made myself known unto them, in bringing them forth out of the land of Egypt.
v ver.14,11,22,24,39; ch.36.21,22; 39.7. De.9.28. Jos.7.9. 1 Sa.12.22. Ex.32.14. Nu.14.13-19.
10 Wherefore xI caused them to go forth out of the land of Egypt, and brought them into the wilderness.
11 And yI gave them my statutes, and showed them8 my judgments, zwhich if a man do, he shall even live in them.
12 Moreover also I gave them my asabbaths, to be a sign between me and them, that they might know that bI am the LORD that sanctify them.9
a Ex.20.8; 31.13,17; 35.2. De.5.12. Le.xxiii. Nu.xxviii. xxix Ne.9.14.
b Le.20.8. Ex.19.5,6. 1 Th.5.23. 1 Co.1.30.
9 This does not mean that the Sabbath rest was first instituted in the wilderness, or that the Israelites did not know of it previously. The plain meaning is that the Sabbath had not been observed during the Egyptian bondage, and that on their deliverance God restored it as a sign that the covenant relation between him and his people was re-established. It was also designed in this way to keep up the remembrance of their deliverance from Egypt. The observance of the Sabbath will always be a test of the state of religion in nations, families, and in the hearts of individual believers.—P.
13 But the house of Israel crebelled against me in the wilderness: they walked not in my statutes, and they despised my judgments, which if a man do, he shall even live in them; and dmy sabbaths they greatly polluted: then I said, eI would pour out my fury upon them in the gwilderness, to consume them.
c Is.63.10. Nu.14.22. Ps.78.40; 95.8-10. Pr.1.25
d Ne.13.18. Ex.16.27. Nu.15.32-36. Is.1.13,14.
e Nu.14.28-30; 26.64,65. Ps.106.23-27. Ex.32.10. De.1.35; 9.8.
g Nu.26.65.
14 Buth I wrought for my name's sake, that it should not be polluted before the heathen, in whose sight I brought them out.
h ver.9,22; ch.36.21,22; 39.7. Jos.7.9. 1 Sa.12.22. Ex.32.14. Nu.14.13-19. De.9.28.
15 Yeti also I lifted up my hand unto them in the wilderness, that I would not bring them into the land jwhich I had given them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands;
A.M. cir. 3412. B.C. cir. 592.
i Nu.14.28-30; 26.64,65. Ps.106.23-27; 95.11. He.3.11,18,19. De.1.35
j See ver.6.
16 Becausek they despised my judgments, and walked not in my statutes, but polluted my sabbaths: for their heart went after ltheir idols.
k Pr.1.30,31. See ver.13.
l Ps.78.37. ver.8. Ex.32.1-6. Nu.15.39; 25.2. De.29.16,17. Am.5.25,26. Ac.7.42, with 1 Ki.11.5. Pr.4.23. He.3.12,13. ch.xvi.
17 Neverthelessn mine eye spared them from destroying them, neither did I make an end of them in the wilderness.
18 But oI said unto their children in the wilderness, Walk ye not in the statutes of your pfathers, neither observe their judgments, qnor defile yourselves with their idols:
20 Andt hallow my sabbaths; and they shall be a sign between me and you, that ye may know that I am the LORD your God.
21 Notwithstandingu the children rebelled against me: they walked not in my statutes, neither kept my judgments to do them, which if a man do, he shall even live in them; they vpolluted my sabbaths: xthen I said, I would pour out my fury upon them, to accomplish my anger against them in the wilderness.
22 Neverthelessy I withdrew mine hand, and zwrought for my name's sake, that it should not be polluted in the sight of the heathen, in whose asight I brought them forth.
23 Ib lifted up mine hand unto them also in the wilderness, that I would scatter them among the heathen, and disperse them through the countries;
24 Becausec they had not executed my judgments, but had despised my statutes, and had polluted my sabbaths, and dtheir eyes were after their fathers' idols.
25 Whereforee I gave them also statutes that were not good,1 and judgments whereby they should not live;
* 'Wherefore I gave them up to statutes that were not good' (Boothroyd). This rendering seems necessary from considering the assertion—'The law is holy, and the commandment holy, just, and good,' Ro.7.12. God judicially gave them over to follow their own ways, and they chose the abominable statutes of the heathen in preference to the law of God.—C.
e Ho.8.11. Ps.81.12. ver.39. Ro.1.24-28. Is.66.4. De.5.28; 28.36. Je.16.13. Pr.14.12,14. 2 Th.2.11,12.
1 See note * in first column.
26 Andg I polluted them2 in their own gifts, in that they caused to pass through the fire all that openeth the womb, that I might make them desolate, to the end that they hmight know that I am the LORD.
g Is.1.11-15; 63.17. ver.31; ch.16.20,21. Le.18.21. 2 Ki.17.17; 21.6. Je.32.35. 2 Ch.28.3; 33.6, with Ex.13.2.
2 I polluted them—not by tempting or leading them into pollution, but by adjudging them to be given up to the vain imaginations which led them into pollution, Ro.1.26.—C.
27 Therefore, son of man, speak unto ithe house of Israel, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Yet in this your fathers have jblasphemed me, in that they have 3committed a trespass against me.
28 For when kI had brought them into the land, for the which I llifted up mine hand to give it to them, then they saw nevery high 4hill, and all the thick trees, and they offered there their sacrifices, and there they presented the provocationo of their offering: there also they made their sweet savour, and poured out there their drink-offerings.
k Jos.i.-xxi. Ps.136.16-22; 105.44; 78.54,55.
l ver.6,15,23,42.
n Je.2.7,20; 3.6. Is.57.5-7. ch.6.13. 2 Ki.23.5. 1 Ki.12.31; 15.14; 22.43.
4 Sun or Baal worship was the most common form of idolatry among the ancient Canaanites. Their sanctuaries & altars were upon the tops of mountains and hills, from which they were able to catch the first glimpse of the rising sun. The generic name, therefore, for the idol sanctuaries of Canaan was bamah, 'a height,' or 'high-place.' Moses was instructed to warn the Israelites with special care and solemnity against the idolatrous practices of the Canaanites, and he commanded them to destroy all the bamoth, 'high-places,' in the land.—P.
A.M. cir. 3412. B.C. cir. 592.
o ch.16.19. De.31.20; 32.21. 1 Co.10.22. Ps.16.4. Am.5.21-26.
29 Then 5I said unto them, What is the high place6 whereunto ye go? pAnd the name thereof is called Bamah7 unto this day.
5 Or, I told them what the high-place was, or Bamah.
6 What is the high-place? Is it God's residence? Has he commanded you to go? Has he promised a blessing there?—C.
p ch.16.16. Is.3.9. Je.6.15; 8.15.
7 Bamah—an eminence—a high-place; the name continuing to bear record of the idolatry of the father, and the incorrigible tenacity with which the sons continued to adhere to their abominations, ver.30. C.—See note on ver.28.
30 Wherefore say unto qthe house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD, rAre ye polluted after the manner of your sfathers? and commit ye whoredom after their abominations?
31 For when ye toffer your gifts, when ye make your sons to pass through the fire, ye pollute yourselves with all your idols, even unto this day; uand shall I be inquired of by you, O house of Israel? As I live, saith the Lord GOD, I will not be inquired of by you.
t De.32.16,17,21. Ps.106.37-39. Je.7.31; 32.35. ch.16.20,21; ver.26.
u Ps.66.18. Pr.15.8; 28.9. Is.1.11-15; 66.3. Pr.1.28-32. See ver.3. 2 Ki.17.33. Ho.10.12. Mat.16.24. Zec.7.5.
32 And that which cometh into your mind shall vnot be at all,8 that ye say, xWe will be as the heathen, as the families of the countries, to serve wood and stone.
v ver.40.
8 I will frustrate all your purposes of mixing up the worship of Jehovah with heathenism, ver.39; and this I will effect by such corrective judgments as will cut off the impenitent, and gather a remnant by repentance.—C.
x ch.11.5. 1 Sa.8.5. Je.44.17, with Job 34.8. Ro.12.2. Ep.5.7,11. Jn.5.14.
33 As I live, saith the Lord GOD, surely ywith a mighty hand, and with a stretched-out arm, and with fury poured out, will I rule over you;
34 Andz I will bring you out from the people, and will gather you out of the countries wherein ye are scattered, with a mighty hand, and with a stretched-out arm, and with fury poured out.
z De.30.5. Je.40.11,12; 52.28-30. Am.9.2-4, or ver.38,41; ch.xxxiv. xxxvi. xxxvii.
35 And I will bring you into the awilderness of the people, and there will bI plead with you facec to face.
36 Liked as I pleaded with your fathers in the wilderness of the land of Egypt, so will I plead with you, saith the Lord GOD.
d Ex.32.7-35. Nu.xi. xii. xiv. xvi. xxi. xxv. Ps.106.15-33. ver.13,21. 1 Co.10.5-10.
37 And I will cause you to epass under the rod,9 and gI will bring you into the bond1 of the covenant:
e La.3.1. ch.34.17. Je.33.13. Mi.7.14. Mat.25.32,33. Le.27.32.
9 See note * below.
g Ho.2.19,20. ch.37.26; 16.60,62. Je.50.5.
1 Or, discipline, Am.3.2. Ps.89.30-32. Ac.14.22.
* The word 'rod,' in the immediate vicinity of this passage (ch. 19.11,14), is evidently put for kingly power; and, being here connected with 'the bond of the covenant'—the new covenant, Je.31.31, must be considered as the emblem of the 'power' given to the exalted Jesus 'in heaven and earth,' Mat.28.18. Phi.2.9; which power the Jews now reject, but to which, in God's good time, they will humbly and faithfully submit.—C.
38 And hI will purge out from among you the rebels, and them that transgress against me: I will bring them forth out of the country where they sojourn, and ithey shall not enter into the land of Israel; and jye shall know that I am the LORD.
h Re.21.27. Mat.3.12; 13.30,41,42; 25.32,33. ch.11.21; 34.17,20. Nu.14.29,30.
i Nu.14.29,30,32,35. Je.44.14. Ps.95.11. Re.21.27; 22.15, with He.4.6. ch.28.25; 34.13; 36.24; 13.9.
39 As for you, O house of Israel, thus saith the Lord GOD, kGo ye, serve ye every one his idols, and hereafter also, if ye will not hearken unto me: but lpollute ye my holy name no more with your gifts, and with your idols:
A.M. cir. 3412. B.C. cir. 592.
k Ju.10.14. Ho.4.17. Ps.81.12,13. Am.4.4,5. Ro.1.24,28. 2 Th.2.11. ver.25,26. Is.66.4.
l Is.1.2-15; 66.3. Re.3.15,16. Mat.6.24. ch.23.37-39.
40 For in mine nholy mountain, in the mountain of the height of Israel, saith the Lord GOD, there shall all the house of Israel, all of them in the land, serve me: there will I oaccept them, and there will I require pyour offerings, and the first-fruits2 of your oblations, with all your holy things.
41 I will accept you with your sweet 3savour, when qI bring you out from the people, and gather you out of the countries wherein ye have been scattered; and rI will be sanctified in you before the heathen.
42 Ands ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I shall bring you into the land of Israel, into the country for the which I lifted up mine hand to give it to your fathers.
43 And there tshall ye remember your ways, and all your doings, wherein ye have been defiled; and ye shall loathe yourselves in your own sight, for all your evils that ye have committed.
t ch.6.9; 16.61,63; 36.31; 14.11. Je.31.9,18,19. Zec.12.10-15. Job 42.5,6. 2 Co.7.11. Le.26.39. Lu.22.61,62.
44 And uye shall know that I am the LORD, when I vhave wrought with you for my name's sake, xnot according to your wicked ways, nor according to your corrupt doings, O ye house of Israel, saith the Lord GOD.
45 Moreover, the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,
46 Son of man, yset thy face toward the south, and drop zthy word toward the south, and prophesy against the forest4 of the south 5field;
y ch.4.7; 6.2; 1.4; 21.2. Je.13.19. Ac.4.19; 5.29.
z De.32.2. ch.21.2. Am.7.16. Job 29.22,23.
4 Jerusalem, Je.21.14; 22.7. Zec.11.1.
5 In this verse three distinct Hebrew words are rendered by one English word, 'south.' I think they are proper names, each specifying a distinct district. The first word is Teman, which embraced that section of southern Palestine which lay along the borders of Moab and Edom. The second is Darom, which was the name of the region in the extreme south-western part of the country, including part of Philistia towards Gaza. The third is Negeb, a name exclusively applied to the southern part of Judea. This prophecy, therefore, was directed not against all Palestine, but against that extreme southern portion of it which had as yet in a great measure escaped the ravages of the Assyrian and Babylonian armies.—P.
47 And say to the forest of the south, Hear the word of the LORD, Thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, aI will kindle a fire in thee, and it shall devour every green tree in thee, and every dry tree: the flaming flame shall not be quenched, and all faces bfrom the south to the north shall be burned therein.
Notes
Ver. 4. Do not intercede for, but reprove, convince, and condemn them for their own and their fathers' abominable iniquities, which they imitate. 5, 6. I entered into promise with them by solemn oath, and manifested my power for their deliverance. 7. Renounce with abhorrence these abominable idols, to which ye with pleasure lift up your eyes in worshipping them. 9, 14, 22. Out of respect to my honour and glory I spared them, and proceeded to bestow further deliverances on them. 12. I gave them my Sabbaths and ordinances as a token of the covenant relation between me and them, and in order to promote their sanctification in heart and life. 11, 13, 21. No doubt a perfect fulfilment of the broken promise of works, if possible, would entitle a man to eternal life; but the immediate meaning of these verses is, that in a careful observance of God's laws, the Jews should enjoy prosperity in Canaan. 25, 26, 28. I permitted them to make for themselves wicked and destructive rules of superstitious and idolatrous worship, and even to provoke me to desolate their country, by the sacrificing of their own children to Molech.—For by their inventions in my worship, or in that of their idols, they have exceedingly disparaged my wisdom, sovereign authority, and sole deity. 29, 30. And do not ye to this day impudently keep up the superstitious and idolatrous worship of the high-places, notwithstanding all my remonstrances against it? And do not ye, elders, continue in the idolatries of your fathers, notwithstanding the judgments inflicted upon you for the same? 32-38. In vain ye hope to prosper by imitating the heathen idolatries; for I will manifest my power over you in inflicting upon you the most terrible judgments. And I will, in the most wrathful manner, gather you out of all the countries around your own land, and carry you to Chaldea, or some worse place, to be slaves to the most barbarous nations; and there will I execute my judgments upon you, to manifest my own perfections, and convince you of your wickedness.—And by severe corrections, and by distinguishing the real saints and obstinate transgressors in my punishments, I will re-acknowledge you as my peculiar people, and reduce you to blessed fellowship with and obedience to myself. 39-44. For a time I will indeed abandon you to your idolatries, and reject you from being my people; but after the captivity, and especially after the dispersion, I will bring you back to your own land, restore my worship among you, work wonders of mercy for your establishment and happiness, and render you deeply sensible of and penitent for your own and your fathers' iniquities. 46-48. Since Jerusalem is now filled with inhabitants, unfruitful in holiness or virtue, and is become a harbour for cruel oppressors, thieves, and murderers, I, by the Chaldeans, will burn it to a heap, and destroy all ranks of people in it without remedy.
Ver. 11. Which if a man do perfectly, without any failure, defect, or shortcoming—a condition never fulfilled by a sinner; wherefore righteousness is not of the law, and salvation can only be of grace. C.
Ver. 20. One great principle of Sabbath observance is the sign which it furnishes of the perpetual rights of God and obligations of man: a sign the more needful, because of the natural tendency of the heart to forget God, adverting to which the commandment says, 'Remember the Sabbath-day to keep it holy.' C.
Ver. 34. Of the providential methods whereby God will effect the gathering of his people it is not possible to speak with precision, seeing God reveals the fact rather than the means. This passage, however, seems to intimate a series of terrible judgments, both upon the unbelieving Jews, ver. 38, and idolatrous Gentiles, ver. 34, by which the separation will be finally effected. Such separations have again and again been exemplified, as in the expulsion of the Moors from Spain and the Huguenots from France. See The Suppression of the Reformation, by D. D. Scott. But the Lord knoweth the means; and, when his time arrives, not one jot or tittle, either of threatening or promises, will his providence leave unfulfilled. See ver. 40-42. C.
Ver. 46. Jerusalem might be called a 'forest,' from its lofty buildings, or from the many shady and fruitful trees that gave the surrounding country the aspect of a forest. The prophet describes it as situated in the south, either because it lay, according to Hebrew geography, south of that part of Chaldea where he then resided: or, more probably, ver. 47, because it lay in the south of Canaan. See ch. 21. 4. C.
Reflections.—Wretched is their stupidity, and presumptuous their heart, who, even under sufferings, ask God's leave to go on in sin! God's choice of us, and his manifestation of himself to us, are altogether of blessed grace; and to these, and to our own faith we owe our happiness. And it is from regard to God's own honour that corrupt churches, nations, families, and persons are so long borne with and preserved. Our disobedience to his laws originates in an inward bias towards the world and the flesh; and if once bad principles or customs be rooted, it is almost impossible to extirpate them. Though by disobedience to God's laws men plainly rush upon their own death and damnation; yet where parents are negligent in the education of children, children rarely make the laws of God the object of their earnest study. But when men profane God's ordinances and Sabbaths, he ordinarily gives them up to strong delusions in their principles and worship. And dreadful is the case of those to whom the slavery of their own lusts is allotted for their punishment; and when they will not take warning by all the admonitions against or mischievous consequences of sin, which have taken place before them.—But they who will not acknowledge God as their gracious saviour and righteous ruler, shall feel him their judge and destroyer. His purpose must stand: and he will easily find both place and time to punish obstinate apostates, and to pluck them out from among his people, whom they have corrupted; nor will either sinful compliances or carnal projects avail to their safety. They who think to serve themselves by sin, do but make themselves slaves to it. And pretences to religion, in such a case, do but add profaneness and hypocrisy to iniquity, and lose men the favour of the world, while they render them the detestation of God.—Even the believers must often be saved as by fire, their transgressions are so many, and their corruptions so strong. But afflictions must purge them; and, through all the changes on earth, they must be prepared for their comforts here, and heavenly inheritance hereafter. Their persons being once accepted in Christ, the acceptance of their services done in faith must follow. And O what baseness, malignity, and ingratitude do they discern in sin through the glass of his redeeming love, while they loathe themselves on account of it, and are more engaged to his service. But, alas! that sinners should need to be so repeatedly warned of their ruin; that God's fruitful vine should become an unfruitful forest, and his house a den of thieves! But if all ranks combine in wickedness, they must be jointly involved in punishment. They who are unwilling to profit by God's Word, ordinarily pick quarrels with it, or the manner of delivering it. But if people deride ministers, it is enough that they have a God to complain to.