The Self-Interpreting BibleJohn Brown of Haddington

The Fifth Book of Moses, called Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy 4

Chapter IV · Vol. I, pp. 484–486

1 An exhortation to obedience. 41 Moses appointeth the three cities of refuge on the east side of Jordan.

Notes ↓

1 NOW therefore ahearken, O Israel, unto bthe statutes, and unto the judgments, which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may live, and go in and possess cthe land which the LORD God of your fathers giveth you.

a Le. 19.37; 20.8; 22.31. ch. 7.12; 11.13; 15.5; 28.13; 27.9.

b Ex. xx.-xxiii. Le. i.-xxvii. Nu. v. vi. xv. xviii. xix. &c.

c Ge. 12.7; 13.15; 15.18. Ex. 3.8; 12.25. Le. 14.34; 23.10; 25.2. Nu. 15.2. ch. 2.29; ver. 21,40; ch. 11.17,31; 12.1,10; 15.4,7; 16.20; 17.14.

2 Yed shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the 1commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.

d ch. 5.1. Ro. 2.13; 10.5. Ga. 3.12. Le. 18.5. ch. 12.32. Jos. 1.7,8. Pr. 30.6. Re. 22.18,19. Mat. 15.9; 5.18.

1 In this chapter the practical lessons deducible from the foregoing recapitulation of their history are here enforced upon the Israelites; and the rule by which they are to be guided is the revealed will of God, to which nothing is to be added, as binding upon the consciences of men, and from which nothing is to be taken away.—I.

3 Your eyes have seen ewhat the LORD did because of Baal-peor: for all the men that followed Baal-peor, the LORD thy God hath destroyed them from among you.

4 But ye that fdid cleave unto the LORD your God are alive every one of you this day.

f ch. 10.20; 13.4. Jos. 22.5; 23.8. Ru. 1.14,16. Ac. 11.23. Ro. 12.9. Eze. 9.4,6. Is. 26.20; 3.10. Ps. 91.9,10. Job 5.19,29; 22.29.

5 Behold, I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the LORD my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the land whither ye go to possess it.

6 Keep therefore and do them; for gthis is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations, which shall hear all these statutes, and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.

7 For what nation his there so great, who hath God so nigh2 unto them, as the LORD our God is in all things that we call upon him for?3

h 2 Sa. 7.23. Ps. 46.1; 145.18; 148.14. Is. 55.6; 41.10; 43.1,2. He. 10.22; 13.5,6. Ja. 4.8. Ro. 8.31.

2 In the sense of place, God is equally near to all men; but in the sense of knowing him by the understanding,—seeing him in all things and events, in the conclusion of reason—loving him as our God, in the depth of the affections—and living in him, and to him, as the living God, in this sense God is near only to those who are 'brought nigh by the blood of Jesus,' and have 'fellowship with the Father and his Son,' and who, still on earth, have yet their 'conversation in heaven.'—C.

3 Heb. 'for what nation so great, which hath gods near to it as Jehovah our God (is to us) in all that we ask of him?'—P.

8 And what nation is there so great, that ihath statutes and judgments so righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day?

9 Only take heed to thyself, and kkeep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the things which thine eyes have seen, and lest they depart from thy heart all the days of thy life; but lteach them thy sons, and thy sons' sons:

k ver. 15,23. Pr. 4.21-23; 3.1,3. ch. 7.18; 8.2; 32.7. Ps. 105.5; 77.11.

l ch. 6.7; 11.19. Ps. 78.5,6. Pr. 22.6. Ep. 6.4. Ge. 18.19. Is. 38.19.

10 Specially the mday that thou stoodest before the LORD thy God in Horeb, when the LORD said unto me, Gather me the people together, and I will make them hear my words, that they may learn to fear me all the days that they shall live upon the earth, and that they may teach their children.

m Ex. xix. xx. He. 12.18. ch. 5.2.

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11 And ye ncame near, and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the midst4 of heaven, with darkness, clouds, and thick darkness.

A.M. 2553. B.C. 1451.

n Ex. 19.17,18; 20.21; 24.17. ch. 5.23. Ne. 9.13. He. 12.18,21.

4 Heb. heart.

12 And the LORD ospake unto you out of the midst of the fire: ye heard the voice of the words, pbut saw no similitude; only ye heard a voice.5

o ver. 15,33,36; ch. 5.4. Ex. 19.18; 20.1-19; 24.16,17. He. 12.19.

p ver. 15. Is. 40.18. Ac. 17.29. Ex. 20.22,23. Jn. 4.24. 1 Ti. 1.17; 6.16.

5 Heb. save a voice.

13 And he qdeclared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, even ten commandments; and he wrote them upon two tables of stone.

14 And the LORD commanded me at that time to teach you rstatutes and judgments, that ye might do them in the land whither ye go over to possess it.

r ver. 1. Ex. xxi.-xxiii.

15 Takes ye therefore good heed unto yourselves, (for ye tsaw no manner of similitude on the day that the LORD spake unto you in Horeb out of the midst of the fire,)

16 Lest ye ucorrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female,

17 The likeness of any beast that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged fowl that flieth in the air,

18 The likeness of anything that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the waters beneath the earth:6

6 Not the waters of any central abyss, as some have imagined, for astronomy can prove that the centre of the earth is heavier than water; but the waters that are lower than the earth, and, in that sense, beneath it.—C.

19 And lest xthou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the LORD thy God hath divided7 unto all nations under the whole heaven.8

x ch. 17.3. 2 Ki. 21.3; 17.16. Am. 5.25,26. Job 31.26,27. Je. 8.2.

7 Or, imparted.

8 Sun worship has been common in all heathen countries, and subordinately the moon and stars have shared this honour. They are glorious creatures; but to the Creator only is worship due, Ro. 1. 25. They have not divided themselves, but God has divided them (Ge. 1. 6) 'unto all nations under heaven,' that is, has divided them so as to give light to all countries, of which the economy of the Arctic regions may be considered the standing astronomical miracle. C.——This is a most sweeping condemnation of every form of idolatry. God was to be worshipped directly—not through picture, statue, or image of any form or semblance whatsoever.—P.

20 But the LORD hath taken you, and brought you forth out of ythe iron furnace,9 even out of Egypt, to be unto him a zpeople of inheritance, as ye are this day.

y 1 Ki. 8.51. Je. 11.4. Ex. 13.14; 1.11,14. Ps. 81.6; 68.13, i.e. cruel bondage.

9 An image that renders it highly probable that the purification of iron from the ore had been practised in Egypt, and that the Israelites had been condemned to this severe labour.—C.

z ch. 9.26,29; 32.9; 7.6; 14.2. Ex. 19.5,6. Ps. 28.9; 33.12; 135.4. Tit. 2.14. 1 Pe. 2.9. Ge. 17.7.

21 Furthermore, the LORD awas angry with me for your sakes, and sware that I should not go over Jordan, and that I should not go in unto that good land bwhich the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance;

a ch. 1.37; 3.26; 31.2. Nu. 20.12; 27.13,14. Ps. 106.32,33.

b ver. 1. Ge. 17.8.

22 But cI must die in this land, I must not go over Jordan: but ye shall go over, and possess that good land.

23 Take dheed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the LORD your God, which he made with you, and make you a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, which the LORD thy God hath forbidden thee.

d ver. 9,15-19. Ps. 59.11; 103.2. Ex. 19.8; 20.4,23; 34.13-17; 32.8. Le. 19.4. ch. 5.7,8; 6.12-14; 7.5,6,25; 12.1-4. ch. xiii.; 17.1-7.

24 For ethe LORD thy God is a consuming fire,1 even a jealous God.

e ch. 9.3; 5.9; 32.22. Ps. 21.9,10; 78.21. Is. 33.14; 27.4; 42.8. Je. 21.12,14. Zep. 1.18. Na. 1.2. He. 12.29. Ex. 20.5; 34.7.

1 This awful image of a fire that consumes, is contrasted with the furnace that merely purifies! Hear, ye unbelievers, lest he 'consume you in a moment.'—C.

25 When thou fshalt beget children, and children's children, and ye shall have remained long in the land, and shall corrupt yourselves, and make a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, and shall do evil in the sight of the LORD thy God, to provoke him to anger;

26 I gcall heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that hye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed.

g ch. 30.18,19; 31.28; 32.1. Is. 1.2. Je. 2.12; 6.19; 22.29. Eze. 36.4. Mi. 6.1,2.

h Le. 26.14-39. ch. 8.19; 28.15-68; 29.18-28; 30.19; 31.16,17; 32.19-26. 2 Ki. xvii. xxiv. xxv.

27 And the LORD shall iscatter you among the nations, and ye shall be left few in number among the heathen, whither the LORD shall lead you.

i ch. 28.64. Le. 26.33. Ne. 1.8. Lu. 21.24.

28 And there kye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone, which lneither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.

29 But mif from thence thou shalt seek the LORD thy God, thou shalt find him, if thou seek him with all thy heart, and with all thy soul.

30 When nthou art in tribulation, and all these things are come upon thee,2 even in the latter days, if thou turn to the LORD thy God, and shalt be obedient unto his voice;

n Le. 26.38-45. 1 Ki. 8.46-53. Ge. 17.7. Zec. 13.9.

2 Heb. have found thee.

31 (For othe LORD thy God is a merciful God,) he pwill not forsake thee, neither destroy thee, nor forget the covenant of thy fathers, which he sware unto them.

32 For qask now of the days that are past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth; and ask from the rone side of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thing as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it?

q Job 8.9. Ps. 44.1; 145.4-12; 78.3-6. ch. 32.7.

r ch. 30.4. Mat. 24.31. Mar. 13.27.

33 Did ever people shear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as thou hast heard, and live?

s Ex. 20.19; 33.20. ch. 9.10. Ju. 13.22; 6.22.

34 Or hath God assayed to go and take him a nation3 from the midst of another nation, by ttemptations, by signs, and by wonders, and by war, and by a mighty hand, and by a stretched-out arm, and by great terrors, according to all that the LORD your God did for you in Egypt before your eyes?

3 Hitherto God had called only individuals or families, as Abraham and his family; now he calls a whole nation—emblem of the glorious time when 'the kingdoms of this world shall become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ,' Re. 11. 15; and this nation he calls (1) by temptations, preparing them for liberty by the yoke of bondage; (2) by signs of power, and of mercy, and of truth, understood by Moses; (3) by wonders, which produced in Pharaoh and his court amazement, without knowledge of their true origin or meaning; (4) by war, as in the warlike pursuit of Pharaoh; (5) by a mighty hand, in working those miracles of power, which even Jannes and Jambres acknowledged to evidence 'the finger of God;' (6) by a stretched-out arm, even that of Moses, which God commanded him to stretch over the river and the sea, Ex. 7. 19; 14. 26, the emblem of the power of God, from whom he derived his commission; and (7) by great terrors, as that of Pharaoh and the Egyptians when God smote the first-born, Ex. 12. 33.—C.

t ch. 7.19; 11.2-4; 26.8; 29.3. Ex. 3.19; 6.6; 9.20,27; 10.7; 12.30. Ps. 78.12,48-53; 105.26-39?; 136.10-15. Jos. 24.5-7,17. Ne. 9.10,11. Je. 32.20,21. Eze. 20.9,10. Ac. 7.36. 2 Sa. 7.23.

35 Unto thee it was showed, that thou mightest uknow that the LORD he is God; there is none else beside him.

A.M. 2553. B.C. 1451.

u Ps. 83.18; 58.11. Is. 45.5. Mar. 12.29,32. ch. 32.39. Ex. 18.11. 2 Sa. 7.22.

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36 Outx of heaven he made thee to hear his voice, that he might instruct thee; and upon earth he showed thee his great fire; and thou heardest his words out of the midst of the fire.

37 And ybecause he loved thy fathers, therefore he chose their seed after them, and brought thee out in his sight with his mighty power out of Egypt;

y ch. 7.7,8. Ex. 32.13; 3.6-8; vii.-xiv. 2 Ch. 16.9. Eze. 20.5-22?. Ps. 105.6-12,24-38; 78.12,13.43-54; 136.10-26. ver. 34. Is. 63.7-13; 51.9-11.

38 Toz drive out nations from before thee, greater and mightier than thou art, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for an inheritance, as it is this day.

z ch. 7.1; 9.1,2. Ex. 33.27-31; 34.11. Nu. xxi. Jos. vi. xxi. Ps. 44.2; 78.55; 68.12; 80.8,9; 105.44; 136.21,22?. Ne. 9.24,25.

39 Knowa therefore this day, and consider it in thine heart, that the LORD he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath: there is none else.

a 1 Ch. 28.9. ch. 30.1. Jos. 2.11. Da. 4.35. ver. 35. Ps. 46.19. Is. 46.9.

40 Thou shalt bkeep therefore his statutes, and his commandments, which I command thee this day, that it may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days upon the earth, cwhich the LORD thy God giveth thee, for ever.4

b Le. 26.1-13. ch. 28.1-14; 5.16. Ps. 19.11; 34.11-15. Is. 1.19; 3.10. Je. 22.15. Mat. 6.33. 2 Co. 4.17,18. Ep. 6.3. 1 Ti. 4.8. He. 11.26. 1 Co. 15.58.

c ver. 1. Ge. 17.8.

4 If the words of Moses were from God, and if the land was given by God for ever to Israel, why are they totally out of possession for nearly 2000 years? Can the Bible be the word of God, if it have failed so long? It can;—for 'God is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness,' 2 Pe. 3. 9; the temporary, though long-continued, exile of the Jews, being one of those very prophecies, the visible fulfilment of which will rise up in judgment against infidelity, convicting its contentious children of disbelieving their own senses, as much as of rejecting the word of the Lord.—C.

41 Then Moses dsevered three cities on this side Jordan,5 toward the sun-rising;

d Nu. 35.9-15. ch. 19.1-8. Ex. 21.12.

5 Hebrew, 'beyond Jordan.'—P.

42 That the slayer might flee thither, which should kill his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in times past; and that, fleeing unto one of these cities, he might live:

43 Namely, eBezer in the wilderness, in the plain country of the Reubenites; and fRamoth in Gilead, of the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, of the Manassites.6

e Jos. 20.8; 21.36,38. 1 Ch. 6.7,71,78,80.

f 1 Ki. 4.13; 22.3,4,6,12. 2 Ki. 8.28; 9.1,14.

6 The site of Bezer is unknown. It lay on the open plateau of Moab, probably not far distant from Heshbon. Ramoth-Gilead has been identified with the modern town of Salt, which stands high up amid the mountains of Gilead, just about the centre of the country east of the Jordan. The exact position of Golan is not known; but it gave its name to the Greek province of Gaulanitis, which is now called Jaulân, and lies east of the Sea of Galilee. The cities of refuge were thus judiciously located; one in the north, another in the centre, and a third in the south.—P.

44 And this is the law which Moses set before the children of Israel:

45 These are the gtestimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments, which Moses spake unto the children of Israel, after they came forth out of Egypt;

g ch. 6.17; 10.7. 1 Ki. 2.3. ver. 1. Le. 27.34. Nu. 36.13.

46 On hthis side Jordan, in the valley over against Beth-peor, in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon, whom Moses and the children of Israel ismote, after they were come forth out of Egypt:

h Nu. 32.19,32; 34.15; 35.14. ch. 1.1,5, i.e. on the east side of it, ver. 47.

i Nu. 21.24. ch. 1.4; 3.8.

47 And they possessed his land, and the land kof Og king of Bashan, two kings of the Amorites, which were on this side Jordan, toward the sun-rising;

48 Froml Aroer, which is by the bank of the river Arnon, even unto mount mSion, which is Hermon,

49 And all the plain on this side Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, under the nsprings of Pisgah.

n ch. 3.10,17; 34.1. Jos. 13.20.

Notes

[Ver. 8. I set before you this day. The great evidence for the divine origin of the Bible is in the Bible itself, just as the great evidence for the being and perfections of God is in the works that he has made. 'The heavens declare the glory of God.' None but a God of power, and wisdom, and goodness, could frame a world so mightily, so wisely, and so excellently. And just so, none but God could reveal a law so excellent as that of Moses. It stands as much above all other laws, as the works of God in nature do above the works of men in art. The philosophers and legislators of the world, if met in one great conclave, could not if they would, and would not if they could, compose and promulgate the ten commandments. Were the stars extinguished, and did the sun alone remain in heaven, it would evince, in its solitary majesty, the divinity of its Creator; and were the Bible lost in another deluge, and did the ten commandments alone survive, they would manifest, even to the sinner whom they condemned, that they were the work of a God of infinite wisdom and holiness. C.]

Ver. 33. [Hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire. The tribes were numbered from twenty years old and upwards, Nu. 1. 3, and of these none now remained alive save Caleb and Joshua, Nu. 26. 64, 65; but multitudes were still alive who, at nineteen years of age and downwards, had been present at Sinai, and had heard 'the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire.' These now form a host of witnesses to the truth of the Mosaic narrative, to which no event in merely human history can furnish any parallel. Had their parents had the slightest ground of suspicion against the reality of the miracles of Sinai, or the slightest charge against the veracity of Moses, they would have trained up a generation still more unbelieving, more fickle, more ungrateful, and more rebellious than themselves. But truth and grace have triumphed in the conversion of the children, while appetite and habit have effected the destruction of the parents.—Note, How exactly do these two generations correspond, on the great national scale, with the condition of every descendant of Adam! The 'old man' walks by 'sight,' disbelieves, and dies disinherited; the 'new man' walks by 'faith,' lives, and enters into rest. C.]

Reflections.—Blind and hardened indeed are the hearts of men, which need such earnest and repeated inculcation of the plainest duties. And greatly important are the statutes and testimonies of God, which are worthy of all these enforcements. Oh with what solemnity and fervour ought ministers then to preach the truths of God! His glory, and the eternal salvation or ruin of mankind, are deeply concerned in them. Let me receive every article of their divine message with the deepest awe and the most solemn regard: and while I have an ear to hear, let me hear what the Spirit saith to the churches, as said to myself. Let me walk in all the commandments of the Lord blameless. Let every carnal representation of the true God, every deviation to idols, be the detestation of my soul. And, remembering God's tenderness with me, and relation to me, let me exert all my care and skill in raising up men to the honour of Jesus Christ my elder brother. Let every manifestation of God's character or providence encourage and animate me to close walking with him. And if I choose not that sin should become my punishment, let me never make it my pleasure. But let the immutability of God's love, and his readiness to show mercy to returning prodigals, lead me to a speedy and a hearty repentance for sin. And, recollecting the manifold, the distinguishing manifestations of God to me, and to his people, let me never forget my superior obligations; but, while I enjoy his peculiar blessing, return him peculiar honour.

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