The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel
Ezekiel 23
Chapter XXIII · Vol. III, pp. 1344–1346
1 The whoredoms of Aholah and Aholibah. 22 Aholibah shall be plagued by her own lovers. 36 The prophet reproveth the adulteries of them both, 45 and declareth their judgments.
1 The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,1
1 In this chapter, which may be regarded as the conclusion of one section of the book,we have a symbolical summary of Israel's national sin. The two kingdoms, Israel and Judah,are set forth under the emblems of two harlots, who, forgetful alike of shame and honour, run a long career of vice and debauchery, the result of which is heavy judgment.—P.
2 Son of man, there were atwo women, the daughters of one mother;
a Je.3.7-11. ch.16.44-46. 1 Ki.12.16,17.
3 And they committed bwhoredoms in Egypt; they committed whoredoms in their cyouth: there were their breasts pressed, and there they bruised the teats of their virginity.2
4 And the names of them were 3Aholah4 the delder,5 and 6Aholibah7 her sister; and they were mine,e and they bare sons and daughters. Thus were their names, Samaria is Aholah, and Jerusalem Aholibah.
3 Her own tent, 1 Ki.12.16,28-31.
4 Aholah, 'His or her own tabernacle,' in allusion to the will-worship, as to objects, place, priests, ceremonies, and ordinances, introduced at first by Jeroboam, and continued by his successors, and generally adopted in the ten tribes, of which Samaria had become the capital, 1 Ki.12.26-33; 13.33.—C.
A.M. cir. 3412. B.C. cir. 592.
d ch.16.46. 1 Ki.11.31,32; 12.20.
5 The elder, the greater in population.—C.
6 My tent in her, 1 Ki.8.29. Ps.76.1.
7 Aholibah, 'My own tabernacle in her,' in allusion to the divine origin of the temple-worship at Jerusalem, in its object, place, priests, ceremonies, and ordinances, as ordered by David and Solomon in strict conformity to the law of Moses, or by direct prophetic revelation, and without the least admixture of human device.—C.
5 And Aholah gplayed the harlot, when she was mine;8 and she hdoted on her lovers, on the Assyrians her neighbours,
g 2 Ki.17.7-18. Ho.i.-xiii. 1 Ki.xii.-xxi. 2 Ki.i.-xv. ch.xvi.
8 When she was mine. It is plain from 1 Ki.12.27 that the tribes were still disposed to adhere to the temple service as a divine institution, and that they were seduced by the arts or overawed by the authority of Jeroboam to the idolatry of Bethel and Dan.—C.
h ch.16.37; ver.12. Ho.5.13; 8.9,10; 10.6; 12.1. 2 Ki.15.19,29; 17.3,4.
6 Which were clothed with blue, captains and rulers, all of them desirable young men, ihorsemen riding upon horses.
7 Thus she committed her whoredoms with9 them, with all them that were the chosen men of Assyria,1 and with all on whom she doted: with all their idols she defiled herself.
9 Heb. bestowed her whoredoms upon.
1 Heb. the choice of the children of Ashur.
8 Neither left she her jwhoredoms brought from Egypt: for in her youth they lay with her, and they bruised the breasts of her virginity, and poured their whoredom upon her.
j Ex.32.4. Ps.106.19. 1 Ki.12.28-33. 2 Ki.17.16; 10.29. ver.3,21.
9 Wherefore kI have delivered her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the Assyrians, upon whom she doted.
k 2 Ki.15.19,29; 17.5,6,23; 18.9-11. 1 Ch.5.26,27. ch.16.37,40.
10 These discovered her nakedness;2 they took her sons and her daughters, and slew her with the sword; and she became 3famous4 among women; for they had executed judgment upon her.
2 ver.29,47; ch.16.37,40. 2 Ki.15.19,29; 17.5,6,23; 18.9-12. 1 Ch.5.26,27; i.e. disgraced and destroyed her.
3 Heb. a name, De.29.18-28. Je.22.9. ch.16.41; ver.48. An example of God's vengeance for idolatry.
4 Famous. Became a 'name,' a by-word, for her varied idolatries, shameless depravity, and terrible chastisements.—C.
11 And when her sister Aholibah saw this, she was lmore corrupt in her inordinate love than5 she, and in her whoredoms more than her sister in her whoredoms.6
12 She doted upon the nAssyrians her neighbours, captains and rulers clothed most gorgeously, horsemen riding upon horses, all of them desirable young men.
n 2 Ki.16.7-11. 2 Ch.28.16-23. ch.16.28; ver.5. Ho.5.13.
14 And that pshe increased her whoredoms: for when she saw men pourtrayed upon the wall,7 theq images of the Chaldeans pourtrayed with vermilion,
p ver.11. Je.3.8-11. ch.16.47,51. 2 Ki.xvi.xx.xxi.
7 2 Ki.20.12-15. 2 Ch.32.31. Is.39.1-4. ch.8.10,11; i.e. heard the fame of their pomp, power, and wealth.
15 Girdedr with girdles upon their loins, exceeding in dyed attire8 upon their heads, all of them princes to look to, after the manner of the Babylonians of Chaldea, the land of their nativity,
16 And, as soon as she ssaw them with her eyes,9 she doted upon them, and tsent messengers unto them into Chaldea.1
s 2 Ki.20.12, &c.
9 Heb. at the sight of her eyes.
t Ge.6.2. 2 Sa.11.2. ch.16.17,29. 2 Ki.24.1. ch.16.17; ver.40,41. 2 Pe.2.14. Is.39.1-4.
1 See note * below.
* Recent excavations among the ruined palaces and temples of Assyria and Babylonia illustrate these words. The halls and courts of the great cities of those kingdoms were covered with figures of their gods and heroes, mostly coloured. It is probable that some of these sculptures had been imported into Judea; or, perhaps, some Jews who visited Babylon saw them there, and brought back such glowing descriptions, that the idolatrous people of Jerusalem were induced to imitate them, even in the chambers connected with the temple.—P.
17 And the Babylonians2 came to her into the bed of love,3 and they defiled her with their whoredom; and she was polluted with them, and her mind was alienated4 from them.
2 Heb. children of Babel.
3 2 Ki.24.1. 2 Ch.36.6. Made leagues and enticed to idolatry.
4 Heb. loosed or disjointed, 2 Ki.24.1,20. ver.16,19-22,28. 2 Sa.13.15.
18 So she discovered her whoredoms, and discovered her nakedness: then my mind uwas alienated from her, like as my mind was alienated from her sister.
19 Yet she vmultiplied her whoredoms, xin calling to remembrance the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.
20 For she 5doted upon their 6paramours, whose flesh is as the flesh of asses, and whose issue is like the issue of horses.
A.M. cir. 3412. B.C. cir. 592.
5 ch.16.26; 17.7,15. Je.37.7. ver.21; i.e. relied upon their auxiliary troops.
6 Paramours. Harlots; brutishly sensual, and totally void of intellect.—C.
21 Thus ythou calledst to remembrance the lewdness of thy youth, in bruising thy teats by the Egyptians for the paps of thy youth.
y ver.3,8,19; ch.20.7. 2 Pe.2.22.
22 Therefore, O Aholibah, thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, zI will raise up thy lovers against thee, from whom athy mind is alienated, and I will bring them against thee on bevery side;
z Is.10.5,6. ch.16.37; ver.9,17. Is.39.3,4. Hab.1.6-10. Je.4.7; 25.9-11,18,33; 11.11,12.
a 2 Sa.13.15.
b La.1.3.
23 Thec Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, and Shoa, and Koa,7 and all the Assyrians with them: all of them ddesirable young men, captains and rulers, great lords and renowned, all of them riding upon horses.
c 2 Ki.20.14,15. De.28.49,50. Je.1.15; 4.6,7; 6.22,23; 8.16; 12.9-12; 16.16; 25.9; 50.21.
7 Some think these names to be titles of honour; but this is not probable, as they are never mentioned as such by Daniel. They are more probably geographical divisions of the Chaldean empire, or names of the nations that furnished their auxiliary or mercenary cavalry; of which species of force some eastern armies are almost entirely or altogether composed.—C.
24 And they shall come against thee ewith chariots,8 waggons, and wheels, and with an assembly of people, which shall set against thee buckler, and shield, and helmet, round about: and I will set judgment before them, and they shall judge thee according to their 9judgments.
e ch.26.10. Je.47.3. Na.3.2,3.
8 'With scythed cars,' &c. (Boothroyd). A species of war-chariot frequently mentioned in ancient history.—C.
9 ver.45; ch.16.38. 2 Sa.24.14; i.e. give them leave to punish thee as they please.
25 Andg I will set my jealousy against thee, and they shall hdeal furiously with thee: 1they shall take away thy nose and thine ears;2 and thy remnant shall fall by the sword: they shall take thy sons and thy daughters; and ithy residue shall be devoured by the fire.
g Pr.6.34. ch.16.38-42; 5.12,13,16. Re.17.16,17. De.32.21,22. Je.15.2-4.
h Je.52.6, &c.
1 They shall treat thee cruelly and disgracefully.
2 Referring to the system of mutilation that was anciently much practised, and still continues in the East (see Dr. Clarke's Travels—Acre), and which, alas, for religion! alas, for freedom! was inflicted even in free and Christian England so late as the reign of Charles I. (see Life of Prynne), and that for no greater crime than an unsparing exposure of the enormities of a licentious stage, closely assimilated to the abominations denounced by Ezekiel. What reason has the nation to bless God for milder laws, more merciful judges, more humane punishments!—C.
i ch.15.6,7; 20.47,48. De.32.21,22.
26 They shall also jstrip thee out of thy clothes, and take away thy fair jewels.3
j Is.39.4-7. ch.16.16,37,39. Je.13.22,26. Is.47.3. Re.17.16; 18.14-17.
3 Heb. instruments of thy decking.
27 Thus kwill I make thy lewdness to cease from thee, and thy whoredom brought from the land of Egypt: so that thou shalt not lift up thine eyes unto them, nor remember Egypt any more.
k ch.16.41; 22.15; 16.38, with ver.3,19; ch.18.6. Is.27.9. Mi.5.10-14. Zec.13.8,9.
28 For thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, lI will deliver thee into the hand of them whom thou hatest, into the hand of them from whom thy mind is alienated:
l ver.22,17; ch.16.37. Je.21.7-10; 24.8-10; 25.9-11; 32.28,29; 34.18-22.
29 Andm they shall deal with thee hatefully, and shall take away all thy labour, and shall leave thee naked and bare; and the nnakedness of thy whoredoms shall be odiscovered, both thy lewdness and thy whoredoms.
m ver.24-26,45; ch.16.37-43; 5.12,13, with 2 Sa.13.15. Re.17.16,17; 18.2. De.28.47-51.
n La.1.8.
o 1 Ti.5.24.
30 I will do these things unto thee, pbecause thou hast gone a whoring after the heathen, and because thou art polluted with their idols.
p ch.16.36,48; 6.9; ver.12-18. Je.2.19,20,28; 4.18; 5.25; 16.11,12; 22.8,9.
31 Thouq hast walked in the way of thy sister; therefore will I give rher cup into thine hand.
q ver.13. Je.3.8-11. ch.16.47,51. 2 Ki.17.7-23.
r Ps.11.6. Je.25.15-18,27,28; 48.26. Je.51.7. Ps.75.8; 60.3. Is.51.17. Hab.2.16. Je.7.14,15. 2 Ki.21.12-16.
32 Thus saith the Lord GOD, sThou shalt drink of thy sister's cup deep and large: tthou shalt be laughed to scorn and had in derision; it containeth much.
33 Thou shalt be filled with drunkenness and sorrow, with the cup of astonishment and desolation, with the cup of thy sister Samaria.
34 Thouu shalt even drink it, and suck it out, and thou shalt break the sherds thereof, and vpluck off thine own breasts: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord GOD.
A.M. cir. 3412. B.C. cir. 592.
u Ps.75.8. Is.51.17. Je.25.15-18,27,28. De.28.34. Je.15.2,3. ch.5.12,13,16.
v ver.3,8,21. Re.18.7. Pr.14.14. Je.2.19,20.
35 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, xBecause thou hast forgotten me, and cast me behind thy back, therefore ybear thou also thy lewdness and thy whoredoms.
36 The LORD said moreover unto me, Son of man, wilt thou zjudge4 Aholah and Aholibah? yea, adeclare unto them their abominations;
37 Thatb they have committed adultery, and bloodc is in their hands, and with their idols have they committed adultery; and have dalso caused their sons, whom they bare unto me, to pass for them through the fire, to devour them.
38 Moreover, this they have done unto me: they ehave defiled my sanctuary in the same day, and have profaned my sabbaths.
39 For when they had slain their children to their idols, then they came the same day into my sanctuary to profane it; and, lo, gthus have they done in the midst of mine house.
g 2 Ki.21.4,7. See ver.38. Is.3.9. Je.8.12; 3.3.
40 And, furthermore, hthat ye have sent for men to come5 from far, unto whom a messenger was sent; and, lo, they came: for whom thou didsti wash thyself, paintedst thy eyes,6 and deckedst thyself with ornaments,
h ver.16,19. Is.57.7,9; 30.1-6; 31.1-3; 39.1,2.
5 Heb. coming.
i ch.16.13,16. Ho.2.8,9. 2 Ki.21.3-5, with Ru.3.3. 2 Ki.9.30. Je.4.30. Pr.7.10.
6 In this manner do women still paint their eyes in Egypt and several Asiatic countries. See Lane's Modern Egyptians, vol. i. p. 51, &c., and Ward's History of the Hindoos.—C.
41 And sattest upon a stately7 bed, and ja table prepared before it, whereupon thou hast set mine incense and mine oil.
42 And a voice of ka multitude being at ease was with her: and with the men of the common sort8 were brought 9Sabeans1 from the wilderness, which 2put bracelets upon their hands, and beautiful crowns upon their heads.
k ch.16.33,34. Ex.32.6,18,19. De.32.15. Pr.7.12. Ho.4.7; 13.6. Mat.23.15.
8 Heb. of the multitude of men.
9 Or, drunkards, Ge.10.7. Je.9.26.
1 Sabeans. The marginal translation is preferable. 'Drunkards'—beastly worshippers of Bacchus; their brows crowned with roses and myrtles; their faces, smiles; their voices, joy; their hearts, pollution; their end, perdition, 1 Co.6.10.—C.
2 Brought presents, ch.16.11,12.
43 Then said I unto her that was lold in adulteries, Will they now commit whoredoms with her,3 and she with them?
44 Yetn they went in unto her, as they go in unto a woman that oplayeth the harlot; so went they in unto Aholah and unto Aholibah, the lewd women.
n 2 Ch.28.22. Is.1.5. Je.9.3. 2 Ti.3.13.
o Je.3.1,6,8. Ho.2.5.
45 And the 4righteous men,5 they shall judge them pafter the manner of adulteresses, and after the manner of women that shed blood; because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands.
4 Chaldeans, ch.5.6,7; 16.27,52,37,47,48; or prophets, ch.43.3. Is.6.10. Je.1.10; 5.14. Ho.6.5. Ps.149.5-9. Mat.19.28. 1 Co.6.2. Re.20.4.
5 Righteous men. The prophets who reproved the sin, and pronounced the sentence which the Chaldeans executed, ver.46,47.—C.
p ver.46-49; ch.16.35,43,59; ver.37-39, with De.22.21,24. Jn.8.7. Le.21.9; 20.10.
46 For thus saith the Lord GOD, qI will bring up a company upon them, and will give them to be rremoved and sspoiled.6
A.M. cir. 3412. B.C. cir. 592.
q ch.16.40, &c.; ver.22-26. Je.1.15; 25.9.
r Is.6.11,12.
s Je.4.13,30.
6 Heb. for a removing and spoil.
47 And tthe company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them7 with their swords; they shall uslay their sons and their daughters, and burn up their houses with fire.
48 Thusv will I cause lewdness to cease out of the land, xthat all women may be taught not to do after your lewdness.
v See ver.27; ch.5.13; 22.15; 6.6,14; 7.2-15.
x ver.10; ch.16.41; 5.15. Mi.6.9. Ju.8.16. Is.26.9,11. 1 Co.10.11. 2 Pe.2.6. De.13.11.
Notes
Whoredom here, and in many other places, denotes an idolatrous apostasy from God, their covenanted husband, to idols, and a dependence on heathen alliances. Ver. 4. The Israelites are called Aholah, her own tabernacle, because their worship, appointed by Jeroboam, was of their own invention; and the Jews Aholibah, my tabernacle is in her, as they enjoyed the temple and ordinances of God. Both belonged to God by solemn marriage covenant; and they once brought forth many converts unto him. 32-34. The dreadful and lasting miseries with which ye also shall be punished shall render you contemptible, infamous, infatuated, and even mad with rage and despair. 38-43. When they had newly polluted themselves with idolatry and murder, they immediately rushed into my temple; and after offering their children to Molech, they sacrificed to their idols in my courts. And to please the Assyrians, Egyptians, or Chaldeans, they have built temples, and prepared altars and sacrifices, and have perfumed them with the incense and oil devoted to my service; and have received their ambassadors with distinguished veneration, and along with them have wallowed in ease and luxury, and have even courted the friendship of the base and thievish Arabians, that they might bring them ornamenting presents. Where and when are these base alliances and idolatries to stop?
Reflections.—Disgraceful to men, and dishonourable to God, are sinful confederacies and confidence in an arm of flesh. And the greater our privileges, and nearer our connections with God, the more criminal is our apostasy from him. If men will strengthen their corruptions, and bid defiance to repentance, by long-continued customs of sinning, or by reflecting on their former wickedness with pleasure and pride, and will alienate their affections from God, let them not wonder if he mark his detestation of them in the most fearful calamities. If we follow the pattern of punished transgressors, we must expect to share with them in their tremendous plagues. And if we indulge ourselves in forgetfulness of God, the most shocking treachery, gross idolatry, barbarous murder, heaven-daring profaneness, and confederacy with the worst and basest of mankind, will most probably follow. And what can then await us but disappointments, and miseries unnumbered and tremendous? But most shameful is it when the heathen executioners of God's judgments are less wicked than the hypocritical professors on whom they execute them.