The Self-Interpreting BibleJohn Brown of Haddington

The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah

Jeremiah 51

Chapter LI · Vol. III, pp. 1298–1300

1 The severe judgment of God against Babylon in revenge of Israel. 59 Jeremiah delivereth the book of this prophecy to Seraiah, to be cast into Euphrates, in token of the perpetual sinking of Babylon.

Notes ↓

1 Thus saith the LORD, Behold, aI will raise up against Babylon, and against them that dwell in the midst1 of them bthat rise up against me, a cdestroying wind;2

a Am.3.6. Is.45.7; 13.3-5,9,11,13. Hab.2.7. See ch.50.9,14-16,21-32,41-45, &c.

1 Heb. heart.

b ch.50.29,32,33. Zec.2.8.

c 2 Ki.19.7. ch.4.11,12; 49.36. Is.27.8. Eze.17.10; 19.12. Ho.13.15. ver.27,28.

2 A wind called simoom, samiel, &c., is frequent in the neighbourhood of the great Asiatic deserts; sometimes, during its brief continuance, inflicting only temporary annoyance and distress, but at other times destroying the life both of men and beasts—an appropriate emblem of the overwhelming army with which Cyrus invaded the empire of Babylon.—C.

2 And will send unto Babylon dfanners, that shall fan her, and shall empty her land: for in the day of etrouble they shall be against her round about.

d ch.15.7. Is.41.16. Mat.3.12. Eze.5.12. ver.3,4,27,28.

e ch.50.14,15,24,29,32; ver.12,27-31.

3 Against him that bendeth glet the archer bend his bow, and against him that lifteth himself up in his brigandine:3 and hspare ye not her young men; destroy ye utterly all her host.

g ch.50.14,29,41,42.

3 Or, coat of mail.

h ch.50.21,27,30; ver.40,47,49,52,57. De.32.35. Ja.2.13. Ps.137.8. ch.9.21. Is.13.15-17.

4 Thus the slain shall fall in the land of the Chaldeans, and they that are ithrust through in her streets.

i ch.49.26.

5 Forj Israel hath not been forsaken, knor Judah of his God, of the LORD of hosts; lthough their land was filled with sin against4 the Holy One of Israel.

j Ho.1.10. Is.44.21; 49.14,15. ch.31.14. 1 Sa.12.22. Is.54.5,6. Zec.1.15,16. ch.50.20.

k Zec.2.12; 12.6-8.

l ch.31.37. Mi.7.18-20.

4 Or, devastation from, &c., ch.xxxix. lii.

6 Fleen out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his soul; be not cut off in her iniquity: for this is othe time of the LORD's vengeance; he will render unto her a recompense.

n ch.50.8,28; ver.9,45,50. Re.18.4. Ge.19.16,17.

o Ps.37.13. ch.46.10; 50.15,25,27,28; 25.14,16. Re.18.6. ver.11,36,49,56. Ps.137.8.

7 Babylon hath been a pgolden cup in the LORD's hand, that qmade all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.

p Re.17.4. Da.2.32,38. Is.14.4-6. Hab.2.15.

q ch.25.9-34. Is.14.5,6. ver.20-23, or Da.3.1-7. Re.14.8; 17.2,6; 18.3, &c.

8 Babylon is rsuddenly fallen and destroyed: howls for her; ttake balm for her pain, if so be she may be healed.

9 We would have healed Babylon,5 but she is unot healed: vforsake her, and let us go every one into his own country: for xher judgment reacheth unto heaven, and is lifted up even to the skies.

5 Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego, Daniel, and others, would have healed Babylon by their word of truth and example of piety; but Babylon stopped her ear, and hardened her heart, despised the physicians, and rejected their medicine.—C.

u ch.8.20. Mat.25.10-13.

v See ver.6; ch.46.16; 50.16. Is.13.14.

x Is.xiii. xiv. xxi. xvi. xlvii. ch.l. li., with 2 Ch.28.6,8. Re.18.5, &c.

10 The LORD hath brought forth our righteousness:6 come, and let us declare in Zion the work of the LORD our God.

6 Ps.37.6. Mi.7.9,10. Zec.1.15. Hath manifested our innocence in delivering us, Ps.9.1-16; cxxvi. Re.15.3,4; 16.5-7; 19.1-3. ch.31.11,12; 50.28.

11 Makey bright7 the arrows; gather the shields: the LORD zhath raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes: for his device is against Babylon, to destroy it; because ait is the vengeance of the LORD, the vengeance of his temple.

y ver.12; ch.46.3,4; 50.9,14,25. Is.13.15,18.

7 Heb. pure.

z Is.13.2-5,17; 21.2; 41.2,3,25; 45.1; 46.11. ch.50.9,41,42; ver.27-29.

a ch.50.15,28; ver.4,5,24,35. Zec.1.15. Is.47.6.

12 Set up the standard upon the walls of Babylon,8 make the watch strong, set up the watchmen, prepare the ambushes:9 for the LORD bhath both devised and done that which he spake against the inhabitants of Babylon.1

* This does not seem to be 'ironical advice to Babylon,' as it has been represented, but rather encouragement to Cyrus and Darius to persevere until they had 'set up the (Persian) standard on the walls of Babylon'—a mode of expression almost universal on the taking of a fortress. This appears the more probable, as the city was taken by Cyrus by means of an ambush and night attack.—C.

8 ver.8; ch.46.4. Na.2.1; 3.14. Is.13.2. Let the Chaldeans do all they can to defend themselves.

9 Heb. liers in wait.

b ver.11,29. La.2.17.

1 See note * in first column.

13 O thou that dwellest upon cmany 2waters, dabundant in treasures, ethine end is come, and gthe measure of thy covetousness.

c ch.50.38; ver.36, or Re.17.1,15.

2 This was literally true, as the Euphrates ran through the city, and the country was intersected by numerous canals. Emblematically, 'the many waters' may represent the many tributary nations by which the capital and empire were supplied and enriched. See Re.17.15.—C.

d Is.14.4. ver.7. Da.2.32,38.

e ch.50.27,31. Eze.7.2-12. Am.8.2.

g Ge.15.16. Na.2.12,13. Hab.2.5-17.

14 Theh LORD of hosts hath sworn by himself,3 saying, Surely I will fill thee with men ias with caterpillars; and they shall lift up4 a shout against thee.

h Am.6.8. He.6.13. Is.45.23. ch.49.13.

3 Heb. by his soul.

i ch.46.23. Ju.6.5. Na.3.15-17. Joel 2.2,3, &c.

4 Heb. utter.

15 Hej hath made the earth by his power, he hath established the world by his wisdom, and hath stretched out the heaven by his kunderstanding.

16 Whenl he uttereth his voice, there is a multitude5 of waters in the heavens, and he causeth the vapours to ascend from the ends of the earth: he maketh lightnings with rain, and bringeth forth the wind out of his treasures.

l Ps.107.25. ch.10.12,13. Ps.135.7. Job 36.26-33; 37.2-11; 38.22-35.

5 Or, noise.

17 Everyn man is brutish by his 6knowledge; every founder is confounded by the graven image:7 for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them.

n ch.10.14. 1 Co.1.19-21. Ro.1.21-23. Ps.53.4; 115.5,8. Is.44.9-20.

6 Or, is more brutish than to know.

7 Henderson's translation brings out the meaning more clearly:—'Every man is rendered brutish by his art; every goldsmith is put to shame by his graven image.'—P.

18 They are ovanity, the work of errors: pin the time of their visitation they shall perish.

o ch.10.15. Jn.2.8.

p Ex.12.12. Is.19.1; 46.1,2. ch.43.12,13; 46.25; 48.7; 50.2.

19 Theq Portion of Jacob is not like them; for he is the former of all things; and rIsrael is the rod of his inheritance. The LORD of hosts is his name.

20 Thou8 art my battle-axe9 and weapons of war: for with1 thee will I sbreak in pieces the nations; and with thee will I destroy kingdoms;

8 Babylon, Is.10.5,15; 14.5,6. ch.25.9-34; 27.5-7; 50.23; or Cyrus, Is.41.2,3,25; 46.11; 45.1-3; or the church, Ob.18. Da.2.44. Mi.5.10-13. Hag.2.21,23. Zec.12.3-6.

9 Some think these words addressed to Cyrus, 'king of the Medes,' ver.11,27, others to Babylon and its king (comp. ver.25). But are they not rather addressed to 'Israel, the rod of his inheritance,' and to be explained by reference to Ps.2.9-12; 110.2-6, in which the final destruction of all idolatrous and wicked nations, as the enemies of Messiah, is described and certified? This interpretation seems sustained by ver.24, in which the party addressed as God's 'battle-axe' appear to have been spectators of the cruelty of the Chaldeans in Zion. Comp. ver.34,35.—C.

1 Or, in or by.

s Is.41.15,16. Mi.4.13.

21 And with thee will I break in pieces the horse and his rider; and with thee will I break in pieces the chariot and his rider;

22 With thee also will tI break in pieces man and woman; and with thee will I break in pieces old and young; and with thee will I break in pieces the young man and the maid;

23 I will also break in pieces with thee the shepherd and his flock; and with thee will I break in pieces the husbandman and his yoke of oxen; and with thee will I break in pieces captains and rulers.

24 And uI will render unto Babylon, and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea, all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight, saith the LORD.

u Is.47.6,8. ch.50.15,17,18,28,29,33,34; ver.11,35,49. Ps.137.8,9.

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25 Behold, I am against thee, O vdestroying mountain,2 saith the LORD, which destroyest3 all the earth; and I will stretch out mine hand upon thee, and roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain.

A.M. cir. 3409. B.C. cir. 595.

v Ge.11.4,9. Da.4.30. Is.13.2. ver.53,58; ch.50.32. Zec.4.6,7, with Re.8.8; 17.16; 18.8,9.

2 Though situated on a plain, its stupendous tower or temple of Belus, its terraced hanging gardens, and its lofty turretted walls, would give Babylon, at a distance, the appearance of a mountain.—C.

3 ver.20. Is.14.5,6, &c., or corruptest, Da.3.1-7. ver.7. Re.17.3-5; 13.14.

26 And xthey shall not take of thee a stone for a corner, nor a stone for foundations; but thou shalt be desolate for ever,4 saith the LORD.

x Is.13.19-22; 14.23. ch.50.12,13,40,41; ver.37,42,43.

4 Heb. everlasting desolations.

27 Sety ye up a standard in the land, blow the trumpet among the nations, prepare the nations against her, zcall together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashchenaz; appoint a captain against her; 5cause the horses to come up as the rough caterpillars.6

y Is.13.2-5; 18.3; 5.26. ch.25.14.

z Is.13.2-5,17; 21.2. ch.50.3,9,14,26; ver.11,28,48.

5 Call the Medes, Armenians, &c., in great multitudes, Is.21.7,9. ch.50.42; ver.14; ch.46.23. Na.3.15. Ju.6.5. Joel 2.2,3, &c.

6 'The nations of western Asia are summoned to join the Medes in the attack on Babylon. By Ararat are meant the regions in the vicinity of that mountain, forming some of the most beautiful and fertile parts of Armenia. Minni, a province of the same country, from which in all probability it takes its name. According to Rawlinson Van was the capital of this province' (Henderson). Ashkenaz was situated along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea.—P.

28 Prepare against her the nations, with athe kings of the Medes, the captains thereof, and all the rulers thereof, and all the land of his dominion.

a ver.11,27. Is.10.8. ch.25.25.

29 And bthe land shall tremble and sorrow: for cevery purpose of the LORD shall be performed against Babylon, to make the land of Babylon a desolation without an inhabitant.

b Is.13.6-10; 21.3,4. ch.50.43; ver.38,54; ch.8.10; 10.10. Joel 2.10. Am.8.8.

c ver.11,12. ch.l. li. Is.xiii. xiv. xxi. xlvi. xlvii. Re.18.2,21-24.

30 Thed mighty men of Babylon have forborne to fight, they have remained in their holds: their might hath failed; they ebecame as women: gthey have burned her dwelling-places; herh bars are broken.

d Is.13.7,8,14. ch.50.30,36,37,43; ver.32,57. 1 Sa.14.11. Ps.76.5. Re.18.10. Na.3.13. ch.48.41.

e Is.19.16.

g ch.50.32; ver.25,58.

h La.2.9. Am.1.5. Na.3.13, with Ps.107.16; 147.13. ch.50.36.

31 Onei post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to show jthe king of Babylon that his city is taken at one end,

i 1 Sa.4.16. 2 Sa.18.19. ch.4.20.

j Da.5.1-30. Is.14.4-22. ch.50.43.

32 And that the kpassages7 are stopped, and the 8reeds9 they have burned with fire, and the men of war are affrighted.

k ver.14,27,30. Is.45.1.

7 That the 'posterns,' 'sally-ports,' or 'gates' had been 'surprised,' and were now 'stopped,' or occupied by the enemy.—C.

8 Is.44.27. ch.50.38; ver.36,37. Fens and rivers are dried.

9 Herodotus mentions a marsh, the luxuriant 'reeds' of which were fired by the soldiers of Cyrus to make way for their approach.—C.

33 For thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; The daughter of Babylon is like al threshing-floor, it is time to thresh her:1 yet a little while, and the time of her nharvest shall come.

l Is.21.9. ch.50.15-29. Is.41.15,16. Ho.13.3. Mi.4.13. Hab.3.12.

1 Or, in the time that he thresheth her.

n Mat.13.39. Is.17.5; 18.5. Ho.6.11. Joel 3.13,14. Re.14.15-18.

34 Nebuchadrezzaro the king of Babylon hath devoured me, he hath crushed me, he hath made me an empty vessel, he hath swallowed me up like a dragon, he hath filled his belly with my delicates, he hath cast me out.

o ch.50.7,17,33; ver.5,44,49; ch.xxxix. lii. La.i.-v. 2 Ki.xxiv. xxv.

35 Thep violence2 done to me and to qmy flesh3 be rupon Babylon, shall the inhabitant4 of Zion say; and, My blood upon the inhabitants of Chaldea, shall Jerusalem say.

p Zec.1.15. ch.50.29. Ps.9.12; 12.5. Ju.9.24.

2 Heb. My violence.

q Ju.9.5. 2 Sa.5.1. Ne.5.5.

3 Or, remainder.

r Ps.137.8,9. Re.18.6. Mat.7.2. Ja.2.13.

4 Heb. inhabitress

36 Therefore thus saith the LORD, Behold, sI will plead thy cause, and take vengeance for thee; and I twill dry up her sea,5 and make her springs dry.

s ch.50.11,34; ver.24,49. Ps.12.5. Zec.1.15,16. Mi.4.11-13. Hab.2.15-17, with 1.13. Is.47.6; 43.14; 49.26. Pr.23.11; 5.22.

5 The Hebrew word for sea is used for a lake or large river. See ver.31.—C.

t ch.50.38; ver.32. Is.44.27. Re.16.12.

37 Andu Babylon shall become heaps, a dwelling-place for dragons, an astonishment, and an hissing without an inhabitant.

u ch.50.12-15,23,26,32,39,40,45; ver.9,25,26,29,41-44,47,54-58,62. Is.13.19-22; 14.23. ch.25.9. Re.18.2.

38 Theyv shall roar together like lions: they shall yell6 as lions' whelps.

A.M. cir. 3409. B.C. cir. 595.

v Zec.11.3. Is.59.11, or ver.39. Is.21.5. Da.5.1-4,30,31.

6 Or, shake themselves.

39 Inx their heat I will make their feasts, and I will make them drunken,7 that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, saith the LORD.

x Is.21.5; 22.12,13. Da.5.1-4,30,31. ver.57.

7 This was literally fulfilled, for the whole city was drunk at an annual feast when the city was taken by Cyrus, who encouraged his army by telling them of the feeble and defenceless state in which the Babylonians would be surprised.—C.

40 Iy will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with he-goats.

y Is.34.6; 13.12-18; 14.21,22; 47.9,12-14. Ps.137.8,9. ch.50.27,36,37; ver.3,4,22,23.

41 How is zSheshach8 taken! and how is the praise of the whole aearth surprised! how is Babylon become an astonishment among the nations!

z ch.25.26, with ch.50.13. Da.4.30. Is.13.19; 14.4-23. See ver.37. Re.18.10.

8 Sheshach. See the historical conjecture as to the origin of this name in note on ch. 25. 26. Various meanings have been suggested, but nothing is certain except that it was a title of Babylon.—C.

a Da.5.4, &c.

42 Theb sea9 is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with the multitude of the waves thereof.

b Is.8.7,8. Da.9.26 Ps.18.16; 144.7. ch.50.9; ver.27 or 64. Is.21.1.

9 The sea (the river) formerly dried up, ver.36, now overflows—an inundation of enemies, boisterous as stormy waves.—C.

43 Herc cities are a desolation, a dry land, and a wilderness, a land wherein no man dwelleth, neither doth any son of man pass thereby.

c See on ver.37; ch.50.39,40.

44 Andd I will punish Bel in Babylon, and eI will bring forth out of his mouth that which he hath swallowed up:1 and the nations shall not flow together any more unto him; yea, gthe wall of Babylon shall fall.

d See ver.18,47; ch.50.2. Is.46.1,2.

e Ezr.1.7, with 2 Ch.36.7. Da.1.2. 2 Ki.25.13-17. ch.50.28; ver.11,24,34. Re.18.11,24.

1 The apocryphal history of 'Bel and the Dragon' represents the detection of the imposture of the idol's eating, a degree of credulity to which heathen superstition was, and still is, perfectly adequate; and this would explain the passage. But perhaps it may rather refer to the disgorging (as it were) of the vessels of the LORD that had been impiously placed in the temple of Bel.—C.

g ver.25,37,58.

45 My people, hgo ye out of the midst of her, and deliver ye every man his soul from the fierce anger of the LORD.

h ver.6,10,50; ch.50.8. Is.48.20; 52.2,11,12. Re.18.4; 14.8-11.

46 And, lest2 your heart faint, and ye fear for the irumour that shall be heard in the land: ja rumour shall both come one year, and after that in another year shall come a rumour, and kviolence in the land, ruler against ruler.

2 Or, let not, Pr.3.25,26.

i Mar.13.7.

j Is.21.3; 13.4.

k Is.13.13-18. See ver.11,27,28; ch.50.9,26,29. Da.5.30,31. Re.12.7,12; 16.14, or Is.19.2. Ju.7.22. 1 Sa.14.16,20. 2 Ch.20.23.

47 Therefore, behold, the days come, that lI will do judgment3 upon the graven images of Babylon: and nher whole land shall be confounded, and all her slain shall fall in the midst of her.

l Is.21.9; 46.1,2. ch.50.2; ver.18,44,52.

3 Heb. visit.

n ch.50.12-16,21-32,35-40; ver.24-43. Is.xiii. xiv. xxix. lvi. xlvii. Hab.ii. Re.xvi. xviii. xix.

48 Theno the heaven and the earth, and all that is therein, shall sing for Babylon: for pthe spoilers shall come unto her from the north, saith the LORD.

o ver.10; ch.50.28,29. Is.44.23; 48.20; 49.13. Re.18.20; 19.1-7.

p ch.50.3,9-16,21-32,41,42; ver.2,11,27,28.

49 4Asq Babylon hath caused the slain of Israel to fall, so at Babylon shall fall the slain of all the earth.5

4 Or, Both Babylon is to fall, O ye slain of Israel, and with Babylon, &c.

q Ju.1.7. Mat.7.2. Ja.2.13. Ps.137.8,9. ch.50.11-29,33,34; ver.10,11,24,35. Zec.1.15,16.

5 Or, the country.

50 Yer that have escaped the sword, go away, stand not still: remember the LORD afar off, and let sJerusalem come into your mind.

r ch.44.28; 31.2,7-12; 50.20. Is.4.2; 48.20; 51.11; 52.2,11. Zec.2.7-9, see ch.50.8; ver.45. Ps.137.5,6.

s Ps.122.6; 137.5,6.

51 Wet are confounded,6 because we have heard reproach: shame hath covered our faces; for ustrangers are come into the sanctuaries of the LORD's house.

t La.2.10; 2.15,16. Ps.44.15,16; 79.4; 137.1; 115.2. Eze.36.20. ch.3.23-25.

6 This is the reply of the mourning exiles who 'wept when they thought upon Zion,' Ps.137.1.—C.

u Ps.74.3-8; 79.1. La.1.10. Eze.7.21,22; 24.20.

52 Wherefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that vI will do judgment upon her graven images: and through all her land the xwounded shall groan.

v See on ver.47.

x Is.13.15,16. Da.5.30,31.

53 Thoughy Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet zfrom me shall spoilers come unto her, saith the LORD.

y Ps.139.8-10. Ge.11.4. ch.49.16. Ob.4. ver.25,58. Is.47.7,8. Da.4.30. Is.14.12-15.

A.M. cir. 3409. B.C. cir. 595.

z ch.50.9-16,21-32,34-45; ver.1-4,11,20-48,55,56. Is.13.2-5,17.

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54 Aa sound of a cry cometh from Babylon, and great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans:

a ch.50.22,29,43; ver.29,38. Is.13.6-8; 21.3,4.

55 Because bthe LORD hath spoiled Babylon, and destroyed out of her the great voice;7 when her waves8 do roar like great waters, a noise of their voice is uttered:

b ch.50.9,10; 25.10. Is.15.1; 47.5. Re.18.23. ch.48.45.

7 The extraordinary noise of an eastern multitude, especially in the neighbourhood of the Euphrates, still continues to be remarked by Europeans, but Babylon is silent as the grave. See Skinner's Travels.—C.

8 Her waves. See note on ver.42.—C.

56 Becausec the spoiler is come upon her, even upon Babylon, and dher mighty men are taken; every one of etheir bows is broken: for theg LORD God of recompenses shall surely requite.

c See ver.55. Re.17.16.

d See ver.30,57. Eze.30.21,22; 39.3. Ps.46.9; 76.3,5.

e 1 Sa.2.4.

g Ps.94.1; 137.8. 2 Th.1.6. ch.50.11-18,28,29,33,34; ver.24,34-37.

57 And hI will make drunk9 her princes, and her wise men, her captains, and her rulers, and her mighty men: and they shall sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, saith the iKing, whose name is The LORD of hosts.

h ver.39; ch.50.35; 25.27. Hab.2.16. Da.5.1-4,30,31. Is.21.4,5.

9 See note on ver.39, and Da.5.1.—C.

i ch.46.18; 48.15.

58 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, 1The broad walls2 of Babylon3 shall be utterly broken,4 and her jhigh gates shall kbe burned with fire; and thel people shall labour in vain, and the folk in the fire, and they shall be weary.

1 ch.50.15,26,39,40; ver.25,44,62. They were 87 feet broad, 350 feet high, and 60 miles long.

2 The walls are represented by Herodotus as 50 feet broad and 200 feet high, with 100 brazen gates; and, when the city was taken by Darius, he lowered the walls, and destroyed the gates. The temples were subsequently ruined by Xerxes; and, by a king of the Parthians, almost totally destroyed by fire.—C.

3 Or, the walls of broad Babylon.

4 Or made naked.

j Is.45.2.

k ch.50.32; ver.25,30.

l Hab.2.13. ver.25,26,37; ch.50.13.

59 The word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of nNeriah, the son of Maaseiah, when he went with5 Zedekiah the king of Judah into Babylon in the fourth year of his reign. And this Seraiah was a 6quiet prince.7

n ch.36.4.

5 Or, on the behalf of, ch.29.3.

6 Or, prince of Menucha, or chief chamberlain.

7 A quiet prince. 'And this Seraiah carried a present' (Boothroyd). He was bearer of the annual tribute due by Zedekiah.—C.

60 So Jeremiah owrote in a book all the evil that should come upon Babylon, even pall these words that are written against Babylon.

o ch.30.2; 36.2-4. Is.8.1-4; 30.8. Hab.2.2.

p ch.l. li.

61 And Jeremiah said to qSeraiah, When thou comest to Babylon, and shalt see, and shalt rread all these words;

q ver.59, not ch.52.24.

r ch.29.1,2. 1 Th.4.18.

62 Then shalt thou say, O LORD, thou hast spoken against this place, sto cut it off, that none shall remain in it, neither man nor beast, but that it shall be desolate8 for ever.

s See ch.50.3,13,39,40; ver.26,37.

8 Heb. desolations.

63 And it shall be, when thou hast made an end of reading this book, that tthou shalt bind a stone to it, and cast it into the midst of Euphrates:

t ch.19.10. Re.18.21.

64 And thou shalt say, uThus shall Babylon sink, and shall not rise from the evil that I will bring upon her: and vthey shall be weary. Thus9 far1 are the words of Jeremiah.

u ver.42. Is.14.23; 21.1; 26.14; 34.14; 13.19-22. ch.50.13,39,40.

v ver.58. Ps.76.12. Hab.2.13.

9 Job 31.40. Ps.72.20. ch.48.47. Jeremiah did not write the next chapter.

1 Thus far, &c. That is, the prophetic words of Jeremiah, which the LORD revealed to him concerning Babylon. The subjoined history may have been written by the prophet, by Ezra, or some other.—C.

Notes

Ver. 13. Thou Babylon, situated upon the great river Euphrates, and who rulest over many nations, the wealth of which thou hast collected by thy conquests, now the time fixed by God for the increase of thy wealth is finished. 38-46. Their mad roaring at their drunken and idolatrous revels shall be turned into fearful howlings: and while they are inflamed with wine the Persians shall murder them, their king, and their princes. At their idolatrous festival in honour of their god Sheshach, shall Babylon be surprised by multitudes of irresistible enemies, and at last become quite desolate, and a fen or lake.—And while their idols shall be destroyed by the Persians, who hate images, the spoils which they took from the nations around, especially from the Jewish temple, and dedicated to their idols, shall be forced back, and restored to the owners: and no more shall multitudes bring presents, or come to worship their idols. Hasten out of Babylon as far as ye can, O ye Jews, and let not the rumours of Cyrus' invasion, or the revolt of the Chaldean lords, in the least terrify you, for God will by these very means work out your deliverance. 50, 51. O ye Jews who have been preserved from the slaughter at the taking of Babylon, embrace the first opportunity of returning to Canaan, to rebuild your temple to God; deeply ashamed that, for your fathers' iniquities, it has so long lain in rubbish, and God been so much reproached on that account.

Ver. 7. The prosperity that God graciously bestowed upon Babylon, the nations admired; the luxury into which her prosperity betrayed her, the nations imitated; the idolatry into which her vain imagination fell, the nations adopted; in her drunkenness they became drunken, and in her ruin they were overwhelmed. C.

Ver. 10. Our righteousness. The righteousness, the sole righteousness of God's people, is the 'righteousness of God, which is by faith of Jesus Christ, unto all and upon all them that believe,' Ge. 15.6; Ps. 14. 5; Ro. 3. 21, 22; 5. 17-21; 10. 4. Through faith in Messiah, God's elect were preserved even in Babylon; and even Nebuchadnezzar and Belshazzar acknowledged 'the LORD their Righteousness,' Da. 4. 34-37; 6. 23, comp. 20. C.

Ver. 19. The Portion. God is called the 'portion'—the parental endowment of his people—because, in the act of faith, the believer makes choice of 'God in Christ,' as his own God, his 'all and in all,' Ps. 119. 57, even that Christ 'by whom, and for whom,' all things are and were created, Col. 1. 16; Re. 5. 11. C.

Ver. 25. A burnt mountain. A burning mountain often overwhelms with lava the cities and plains in its neighbourhood. So the fall of Babylon, by the sudden revulsion of trade, and wreck of property, must have overwhelmed its connected or dependent countries in common if not equal ruin. C.

Ver. 31. Babylon is described by most credible ancient writers as a square of 15 miles each side; the Euphrates running through the middle. The city was taken by turning the river out of its ordinary course—the enemy entering through the empty channel. Such a city might, therefore, readily be taken 'at one end' before any alarm had reached the other. C.

Reflections.—Fearful are the destructions which await those who have long been employed in executing God's judgments upon others. And nothing more hastens their ruin than their insolence against God and abuse of his people. Even when he frowns upon these himself, he cannot endure others to insult, murder, or oppress them. And it is easy for that almighty God who is infinitely superior to idols, to make his counsel to stand, and to do all his pleasure. Strong and brave are the weakest when God animates them to the battle: and weak and dispirited the strongest when God fights against them. Vain is everything earthly, as all may issue at last in such misery and desolation. But, alas! how dreadful must be the last, the eternal, destruction of the wicked, of which all the overthrows of cities and nations are but alarming preludes! Quickly should we flee from among them, that we share not in their sins and their plagues. In every affliction we suffer on earth, let us think on God, and remember his mercy and truth. And though the accomplishment of his words be ever so unlikely, let us never stagger at his promise through unbelief. Is there anything too hard for the LORD?

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