The Lamentations of Jeremiah
Lamentations 2
Chapter II · Vol. III, pp. 1306–1307
1 Jeremiah lamenteth the misery of Jerusalem. 20 He complaineth thereof to God.
1 How hath the Lord acovered the daughter of Zion with a bcloud in his anger, and castc down from heaven unto the earth the beautyd of Israel, and remembered not his 1footstool2 in the day of his anger!
a ch.3.43,44. 2 Ch.36.16,17. Is.8.21,22.
b Joel 2.2.
c ch.1.6. Eze.7.20-22; 24.21. 1 Sa.4.21. Mat.11.23. Is.64.11. Je.17.12.
d 2 Sa.1.19.
1 1 Ch.28.2. Ps.99.5; 132.7, i.e. the temple.
2 The ark of the covenant, on which was the mercy-seat. See note on 1 Ch.28.2.—C.
2 The Lord ehath swallowed up all the habitations of Jacob, and hath gnot pitied: he hath thrown down in his wrath the strong holds of the daughter of Judah; he hath brought them down to3 the ground: he hhath polluted the kingdom and the princes thereof.
e ver.17. Mi.3.12. Je.4.20-29. De.29.18-28. 2 Ch.36.16-20. Is.xxiv. Eze.5.8-17; vi.vii.; 16.36-43; 20.47; 22.31; 23.22-47.
g Je.13.14.
3 Heb. made to touch.
h Is.43.28. Ps.89.39,40. De.29.24.
3 He hath cut off in his fierce anger iall the horn of Israel: he jhath drawn back his right hand from before the enemy, and he burned against Jacob like a flaming fire, which devoureth round about.
4 He khath bent his bow like an enemy: he stood with his right hand as an adversary, and slew all that were pleasant to the eye4 in the tabernacle of the daughter of Zion: he lpoured out his fury like fire.
5 The Lord was as an enemy; he hath nswallowed up Israel, he hath swallowed up all her palaces; he hath destroyed his strong holds, and hath increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.
6 And he hath violently taken away5 his 6tabernacle,7 as if it were of a garden; he hath destroyed his places of the assembly: the LORD hatho caused the solemn feasts and sabbaths to be forgotten in Zion, and hath despised, in the indignation of his anger, pthe king and the priest.
5 Ps.80.12; 89.40. Is.5.5;1.8;63.18;64.11. As a hovel in a garden.
6 Or, hedge, Job 1.10.
7 And, as if Jerusalem were a mere garden, he has taken away his 'tabernacle,' as the gardener removes his watch-tent or cottage when his fruits have been gathered.—C.
o ch.1.1,4. Ps.137.1-4.
A.M. cir. 3416. B.C. cir. 588.
p Je.52.11-27. Eze.12.12,13; 17.18;19.12. ch.5.12;4.16. Is.43.28.
7 Theq Lord hath cast off his altar, he hath rabhorred his sanctuary, he hath given up8 into the hand of the enemy the walls of her palaces; 9they have made a noise1 in the house of the LORD, as in the day of a solemn feast.
q Eze.7.20-22;24.21,25. Je.52.13. Ps.79.1. ver.1.
r Le.26.31-44.
8 Heb. shut up.
9 Ps.74.3-8. Eze.7.21,22. The Chaldean soldiers loudly roar in the temple.
1 The enemies in mockery have imitated the temple-music of the festivals.—C.
8 The LORD shath purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion; he hath stretched out a 2line,3 he hath not withdrawn his hand from 4destroying:5 therefore he made the rampart and the wall to lament;6 they languished together.
2 2 Sa.8.2. Is.34.11. 2 Ki.21.13,14. Am.7.7,8. To measure it out for destruction.
3 As with a line he has measured out his inheritance, and devoted it to destruction.—C.
4 Heb. swallowing up.
5 The metaphors here employed convey the idea of utter destruction, a destruction which does not cease until every part and fragment had been overthrown as completely as if it had been measured out to the destroyers.—P.
6 Instead of the shout of courage and defiance, the walls and ramparts echoed to the voice of lamentation.—C.
9 Hert gates are sunk into the ground;7 he hath destroyed and broken her bars: uher king and her princes are among the Gentiles: vthe law is no more;8 her prophets also find no vision from the LORD.
t Le.26.30-35. Is.3.25,26; 6.11,12. Je.44.6,22; 51.30.
7 The rubbish has so accumulated that the gates appear sunk into the ground.—C.
u ch.4.16,20. Je.52.8,9. De.28.36. 2 Ki.24.12-16;25.7.
v 2 Ch.15.3. Am.8.11. Ps.74.9. Eze.7.26.
8 The law is read no more; and for the want of judges and power, it is administered and enforced no more.—C.
10 The elders of the daughter of Zion xsit upon the ground, and keep silence: they have cast up dust upon their heads; they have girded themselves with sackcloth: the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.9
* These are the universal emblems of sorrow and mourning in the East. When bereavement comes upon a family, the leading members seat themselves on the ground, throw aside all ornaments, uncover the head and loose the hair, and then throw dust and ashes over the whole persons while they give utterance to piercing cries.—P.
x ch.3.28. Is.3.26;47.1,5. Job 2.12. 2 Sa.13.19. Eze.6.11;21.12,14. 2 Sa.1.2,11,24.
9 See note * in first column.
11 Miney eyes do fail with tears, my bowels are troubled, my zliver is poured upon the earth, for the destruction of the daughter of my people; because the children and the sucklings swoon1 in the streets of the city.
12 They say to their mothers, Where is corn and wine? when they swooned as the wounded in the streets of the city, when their soul was poured out into their mothers' bosom.2
2 They died in their mothers' arms for hunger.
13 Whata thing shall I take to witness for thee? what thing shall I liken to thee, O daughter of Jerusalem? what shall I equal to thee, that I may comfort thee, O virgin daughter of Zion? for bthy breach is great like the sea;3 who can heal thee?
a Job 5.1. ch.1.12. Da.9.12. De.29.18-28. Je.24.8-10; 44.6,22. Am.3.2.
b Je.8.22;30.12,15;51.42. 2 Ch.36.16. Job 19.10,11.
3 Thy breach is not partial, so that it might be built again, but a total ruin rolls in upon thee, as the 'sea' overwhelmed the doomed cities of the plain.—C.
14 Thy cprophets have seen vain and foolish things for thee; and they have not discovered thine iniquity, to turn away thy captivity; but have seen for thee dfalse burdens, and causes of banishment.4
c Je.2.8;5.31; 14.13,14; 23.16,22,26; 29.8,15; 27.14,15, with Is.58.1. Eze.13.2,3;16.2.
A.M. cir. 3416. B.C. cir. 588.
d Is.3.12; 30.10. Je.23.14-17,31,32;27.9,10.
4 The former captivities, for they were successive (see Je.52.28), the false prophets attributed to false causes—to any cause but the true one—the judgment of God against the national sins.—C.
15 All that pass by5 clape their hands at thee; they hiss and wag their head at the daughter of Jerusalem, saying, Is this the city that men call gthe perfection of beauty, the joy of the whole earth?
16 All thine enemies hhave opened their mouth against thee: they hiss and gnash the teeth: they say, iWe have swallowed her up: certainly this is the day that we looked for; we have found, we have seen it.
h Job 16.9,10. Ps.22.13. ch.3.46. Ps.56.2; 35.15,16,21,25. 22.6,7. Ac.7.54.
i Je.50.7,17,33;51.34,35. Eze.25.3,6,8,12,15; 35.5,10,12,13,15; 36.5. Ob.10-14. Zep.2.8,10.
17 The LORD hath done that which he had devised;j he hath fulfilled his word that he had commanded in the days of old: khe hath thrown down, and hath not pitied: and lhe hath caused thine enemy to rejoice over thee; he hath set up the horn of thine adversaries.6
j Je.18.11. Mi.2.3. Le.26.14-39. De.28.15-68; 29.18-28; 31.16,17; 32.15-27.
k ver.1-9; ch.1.17. Eze.v.-vii.
l See ch.1.5,15. De.28.43,44. Ps.38.16; 89.42.
6 It would seem that by some error of an early copyist the order of ver. 16, 17 has been reversed. This is shown by the Hebrew letters at the beginning of the verses, each verse in this chapter commencing with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet in regular order. It is also shown by the sense. If ver. 17 be read first, the full force of ver. 16 will become more apparent.—P.
18 Theirn heart cried unto the Lord, oO wall of the daughter of Zion, plet tears run down like a river day and night: give thyself no rest; let not the apple of thine eye7 cease.
19 Arise,q cry out in the night; in the beginning of the rwatches spour out thine heart like water before the face of the Lord: lift up thy hands toward him for the life of thy young children, tthat faint for hunger in the top of every street.
20 Behold, O LORD, and consider uto whom thou hast done this. Shall the women veat their fruit,8 and children 9of a span[≈ 23 cm · 9 in] long?1 shallx the priest and the prophet be slain in the sanctuary of the Lord?
u Ex.32.11. De.9.26. Is.63.19. Je.14.19,21.
v ch.4.10. Eze.5.10. Le.26.29. De.28.53. Je.19.9.
8 See note * below.
9 Or, swaddled with their hands.
1 'The little ones they have dandled on their hands.'—Blayney.
x Je.5.31;9.21,22; 14.14,18. ch.3.43; 4.13,10; ver.17. Is.43.28. Eze.v.-vii.ix.;20.47. 2 Ch.36.16,17. Ps.79.1-3;74.7.
* By comparing this expostulation with ch.4.10, it will be seen how literally, and how awfully God realized the threatening denounced against idolatry and apostasy, Le.26.29. De.28.53. Je.19.9.—C.
21 The yyoung and the old lie on the ground in the streets: my virgins and my young men are fallen by the sword; thou hast slain them in the day of thine anger; thou hast killed, and not pitied.
y 2 Ch.36.17.
22 Thou hast called, as in a solemn day, my terrorsz round about; so that in the day of the LORD's anger none escaped nor remained: those that I have swaddled and brought up ahath mine enemy consumed.
z Je.6.25; 20.3; 46.5; 49.19;16.16;15.3. Is.24.17,18. Am.2.13-16;9.1-4.
a Je.16.2-4. Ho.9.12,13,16. 2 Ki.xxiv.xxv. Eze.v.-vii.ix.xvi.xxi.xxiii. 2 Ch.36.16,17.
Notes
Ver. 13, 14. What can equal your calamity? Your breaches are like those made by the sea, great and incurable. Your prophets of your own choosing, instead of charging your sins faithfully upon you to bring you to repentance, and so prevent those judgments, preached their own flatteries, which hardened you in your sins, and hastened your ruin.
Ver. 1. Cast down from heaven unto the earth. Believers can always say, 'Our conversation (our citizenship) is in heaven.' And this 'conversation,' or citizenship, is twofold—inward, that of faith; outward, that of church-fellowship and enjoyment of ordinances. From this inward citizenship, as a right, the believer is never 'cast down;' but of all its outward benefits, as an enjoyment, he may be, and often is, deprived. But while through all storms the true believer clings to the Saviour by whom he has been 'apprehended,' there are individuals, multitudes, and churches who are judicially 'cast down from heaven unto the earth,' are deprived of church-fellowship and ordinances; because never having had the root of faith, but the mere leaves of profession, they are condemned to wither away as severed branches, and all their 'beauty' perishes. C.
Ver. 2. Swallowed up all the habitations of Jacob. The flood of invasion that in wrath has passed over the land, has swept away in its violence, and 'swallowed up' in its depths, all the habitations, the villages, and cities of the land. See Wylie's Modern Judea, ch. x. C.
Ver. 11. My liver. The learned editor of the Pictorial Bible considers this expression metaphorical, and as used in the same way as the heart is used for the affections of the mind. But there seems no necessity for this figurative sense, for the word 'liver,' may be translated 'bile,' and the expression will import some grievous form of cholera, produced by excessive grief and unwholesome and insufficient food. See ver. 12; ch. 1. 11. C.
Ver. 16. The causes of this deep-rooted antipathy may have been many, arising from the recollections of the conquests gained over them by David, and from collision of commercial interests, &c. But the chief cause is to be sought in the hatred of the heathen against the religion of the Jews. For while heathenism has generally been tolerant of heathenism, it has uniformly been intolerant of Judaism and Christianity. C.
Ver. 17. He hath caused, &c. God did not efficiently 'cause' the cruel and vengeful disposition of the enemies of Jerusalem: but by his judgments upon her sins, he gave them occasion of joy; and in that sense, but in no other, did he 'cause' them to rejoice. C.
Ver. 19. The top of every street. This expression is used ch. 4. 1; Is. 51. 20; Na. 3. 10, and is, most probably, to be explained by the fact, that Jerusalem was built upon hills, on the tops of which the streets generally terminated in public market-places, or bazaars, whither the children had gone in search of food. C.
Reflections.—Terrible is the issue when God becomes our enemy and fights against us: and correspondent to the counsels of his heart are the judgments of his hand. Justly he debases by his judgments those who had debased themselves by their sins, and mingles the blood of sinners with their sacrifices; yea, deprives of sabbaths and solemn ordinances those who would not religiously observe them. Grievous sorrows follow upon grievous sinning. And men must either mourn over their sins or over the dreadful effects of them. Alas! what a fearful curse it is to be given up to the delusions of unsent and hypocritical ministers! nor is anything more destructive and damning. It is highly proper, in trouble, to observe the exact agreement between God's judgments and his word; and to ease our broken hearts by pouring our complaints into his bosom. He alone can help us; and none ever truly sought him in vain.
Measures in square brackets are modern equivalents added for this edition. They are not in the King James text or in Brown’s notes. They use common scholarly estimates: a cubit is about 45.7 cm (18 in), a shekel about 11.4 g (0.4 oz), an ephah about 22 litres. Money values give the worth of the silver or gold at spot prices on 28 October 2026, not what the sum would buy in the ancient world.