The Self-Interpreting BibleJohn Brown of Haddington

The Acts of the Apostles

Acts 13

Chapter XIII · Vol. IV, pp. 277–279

1 Paul and Barnabas are chosen to go to the Gentiles. 7 Of Sergius Paulus, and Elymas the sorcerer. 14 Paul preacheth at Antioch, that Jesus is Christ. 42 The Gentiles believe: 45 but the Jews gainsay and blaspheme: 46 whereupon they turn to the Gentiles. 48 As many as were ordained to life believe.

Notes ↓

1 Now therea were in the church that was at Antioch certain bprophets and teachers; as cBarnabas, and Simeon that was called Niger,1 and Lucius of Cyrene, and Manaen, which had been brought up2 with dHerod3 the tetrarch, and Saul.

A.D. cir. 45.

a ch.11.20,25,26; 12.25; 14.26.

b ch.11.28; 21.10,11.

c ch.4.36,22-26,30; xiv.xv. Ga.2.9,13. Ro.16.21.

1 Niger—'Black.' Whence it has been conjectured that he was an African negro.—C.

2 Or, Herod's foster-brother.

d Lu.3.1,19; 13.31; 23.7, not ch.12.

3 Herod. 'Herod Antipas.'—C.

2 As they eministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said,4 gSeparate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them.

e De.10.8; 18.5,7. 1 Ch.23.13. Mat.9.15. ch.6.4; 2.42.

4 The personal act of choosing, speaking, appropriating, commissioning, and sending (ver. 4) Paul and Barnabas, furnishes decisive evidence of the personality and deity of the Holy Ghost.—C.

g Nu.8.11. Mat.9.38. ch.9.15; 22.21. Ro.1.1; 10.15. Ga.1.15; 2.8,9. Ep.3.8. 1 Ti.2.7. 2 Ti.1.11. He.5.4.

Vol. IV, p. 278

3 And hwhen they had fasted and prayed, and laid their hands on them, they sent them away.5

A.M. cir. 4049. A.D. cir. 45.

h ch.6.6;8.15,17;14.23. 1 Ti.5.22.

5 These were the first missionaries regularly appointed & sent forth by the Christian church. The special work to which they were called of the Holy Spirit, was that of preaching the gospel to the Gentiles.—P.

4 So they, ibeing sent forth by the Holy Ghost, departed unto Seleucia;6 and from thence they sailed to jCyprus.

i Mat.9.38. Ro.10.15. ch.20.28;10.6,7.

6 Seleucia was the port of Antioch, situated on the coast of the Mediterranean, a short distance north of the mouth of the Orontes. It had a good harbour, constructed at vast expense, and was one of the most important seaports on the coast of Syria.—P.

j ch.11.19;4.36;27.4.

5 And when they were at Salamis, they preached the word of God kin the synagogues of the Jews: and they had also lJohn7 to their minister.

k Mat.10.27. ch.5.20;14.1;17.1,2,10;18.4,6,7,19;ver.14,46.

l ch.12.12,25;15.37;ver.13. Col.4.10.

7 John. This was John Mark (ch.12.12, 25), not John the apostle.—C.

6 And when they had gone through the isle unto Paphos,8 they found a certain nsorcerer, a false prophet, a Jew, whose name was Bar-jesus:

8 Paphos. A city of Cyprus, on the west side.—C.

n ch.8.9. Re.21.8.

7 Which was with the deputy of the country, Sergius Paulus, a prudent man; who called for Barnabas and Saul, and desired to hear the word of God.

8 But Elymas the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) owithstood them, seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith.

9 Then Saul, (who also is called Paul,9) filled with the Holy Ghost, set his eyes on him,

9 A Roman name, fit for an apostle of the Gentiles, ver.4,7.

10 And said, pO full of all subtilty and all mischief, thou child of the devil, thou enemy of all righteousness,1 wilt thou not cease qto pervert the right ways of the Lord?

p Mat.3.7;13.38;23.33. Jn.8.44. 1 Jn.3.8.

1 This terrible address Paul was fully authorized to deliver, inasmuch as he was 'filled with the Holy Ghost;' but it can form no precedent for any who is not under direction of the same power.—C.

q Mat.23.13. Lu.11.52.

11 And now, behold, rthe hand of the Lord is upon thee, and thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun for a season. And immediately there fell on him a mist and a darkness; and he went about seeking some to lead him by the hand.

r Eze.6.14. Ge.19.11. 2 Ki.6.18. ch.5.5,10;9.5,8.

12 Then the deputy,2 whens he saw what was done, believed, being astonished at the doctrine of the Lord.

2 Roman governor, ver.7. Mat.27.2.

s Mat.27.54. Lu.7.16. ch.5.5,11,14;12.23,24;19.17.

13 Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphylia:3 and tJohn departing from them returned to Jerusalem.

A.M. cir. 4050. A.D. cir. 46.

3 Pamphylia. A province of Asia Minor, bordering Cilicia on the east, and having part of the Mediterranean on the south, ch.27.5.—C.

t ch.12.25;ver.5;ch.15.38. Phi.2.21.

14 But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch4 in Pisidia,5 and uwent into the synagogue on the sabbath-day, and sat down.

4 Not Antioch in Syria, as ver.1; ch.11.19-26;14.26.

5 Pisidia. A province situated on the north of Pamphylia.—C.

u ch.16.13;17.2;18.4;ver.5.

15 And after vthe reading of the law and the prophets, the xrulers of the synagogue sent unto them, saying, yYe men and brethren, if ye have any word of exhortation for the people, say on.

v ver.27;ch.15.21. Lu.4.16.

x Mar.5.22. Lu.13.14.

y ch.1.16;2.29,37;7.2;15.7,13;22.1, with He.13.22.

16 Then Paul stood up, and zbeckoning with his hand, said, aMen of Israel, and ye that fear God, give audience.

z ch.12.17;19.33;21.40.

a ver.26,43,46.

17 Theb God of this people of Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, cand with an high arm brought he them out of it.

18 Andd about the time of forty years 6suffered7 he their manners in the wilderness.

d Ex.16.2,35. Nu.14.22,34,35. Ps.78.38;95.10.

6 Or, bore and fed them as a nurse, De.1.31.

7 Suffered, &c. Tenderly carried them as a father carries a child over an uneven way, or as a nurse bears a wayward infant in her bosom.—C.

19 And ewhen he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, he divided their land to them by lot.

20 And after that, ghe gave unto them judges, about the space of four hundred and fifty 8years, until Samuel the prophet.

* Four hundred and fifty years. There is an evident difficulty in reconciling this passage with 1 Ki.6.1. Lightfoot seems to solve it most simply by including in the time of the Judges the intermediate times of the tyrants:—Othniel, 40; Ehud, 80; Deborah, 40; Gideon, 40; Abimelech, 3; Tola, 23; Jair, 22; Jephthah, 6; Ibzan, 7; Elon, 10; Abdon, 8; Samson, 20; Eli, 40 = 339. The tyrants:—Chushan-rishathaim, 8; Eglon, 18; Sisera, 20; Midian, 7; Ammon, 18; the Philistines, 40 = 111. Total, 450.—C.

g Ju.ii.-xvi. 1 Sa.i.-vii. Ne.9.27. 1 Ki.6.1.

8 See note * in first column.

21 Andh afterward they desired a king: and God gave unto them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of forty years.9

h 1 Sa.viii.-xxxi. Ho.13.11. 1 Ch.x.

9 These 'forty years' include Samuel's government as well as Saul's.—C.

22 Andi when he had removed him, he raised up unto them David to be their king; to whom also he gave testimony, and said, I have found David, the son of Jesse, a man after mine own heart, which shall fulfil all my will.1

23 Ofj this man's seed hath God, according to his promise, raised unto Israel a Saviour, Jesus:

j 2 Sa.7.12. Ps.89.35;132.11. Is.11.1;9.7. Je.23.5. Lu.1.32,69, with ch.2.30;3.22,26;5.30;7.37. Mat.1.21. Tit.2.13.

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24 Whenk John had first preached, before his coming, the baptism of repentance to all the people of Israel.

A.M. cir. 4050. A.D. cir. 46.

k Mal.3.1;4.5,6. Mat.3.1-11. Mar.1.2,5. Jn.3.23.

25 And as John lfulfilled his course, he said, Whomn think ye that I am? I am not he. But, behold, there cometh one after me, whose shoes of his feet I am not worthy to loose.

26 Meno and brethren, children of the stock of Abraham, and whosoever among you feareth God, to you is the word of this salvation sent.

o See ver.15,16,42. Ps.147.19,20. Mat.10.6;22.8,9. Lu.14.21. ch.3.26;ver.42,46,47;ch.28.23.

27 For they that dwell at Jerusalem, and their rulers, because pthey knew him not, nor yet the voices of the prophets which qare read every sabbath-day, they have fulfilled them in condemning him.

p ch.3.17. Jn.7.26,48;15.21;16.3. Lu.23.34;24.20,44. 1 Co.2.8. 1 Ti.1.13. 2 Co.3.14. Ro.11.25.

q ch.15.21;26.22;28.23;2.10-36;4.20-28.

28 Andr though they found no cause of death in him, yet desired they Pilate that he should be slain.

29 And when they had fulfilled all that was written of him, sthey took him down from the tree, and laid him in a sepulchre.Cited in HC 41

30 Butt God raised him from the dead:

t Mat.28.6. Jn.2.19;10.17. ch.2.24,32;3.13,26;4.10;5.31;10.40;17.31. He.13.20.

31 Andu he was seen many days of them which came up with him from Galilee to Jerusalem, who are his vwitnesses unto the people.

u Mat.xxviii. Mar.xvi. Lu.xxiv. Jn.xx.xxi. ch.1.3.

v Lu.24.48. ch.1.8,22;10.41.

32 And we declare unto you glad tidings, how that the xpromise which was made unto the fathers,

33 God hath fulfilled the same unto us their children, in that he hath raised up Jesus again; as it is also written in the second psalm, yThou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee.

34 And as concerning that he raised him up from the dead, now no more to return to corruption, he said on this wise, zI will give you the sure mercies2 of David.3

z Is.55.3. Ps.89.2-4,19-29.

2 Gr. τὰ ὅσια, holy or just things, which word the Septuagint in many places use for that which in the Hebrew signifies mercies.

3 The full meaning of this verse is, that God had promised to the Messiah 'the mercies of David holy and sure.' These mercies implied deliverance from death, from corruption its result, and from the dominion and power of death in all after time. This personal victory of Christ over death is the proof and pledge of the resurrection of his people.—P.

35 Wherefore he saith also in another psalm, Thoua shalt not suffer thine Holy One to see corruption.

a Ps.16.10. ch.2.27,31.

36 For David, after he had servedb his own generation by the will of God,4 fell on sleep, and was laid unto his fathers, and saw corruption:Cited in WCF 32.1

b Ps.78.70-72. ch.2.29;20.24. 2 Ti.4.7. 1 Ki.2.10. 1 Ch.29.28.

4 Or, after he had in his own age served the will of God.

37 But he, whom cGod raised again, saw no corruption.Cited in WCF 8.4

c ch.2.24.

38 Bed it known unto you therefore, men and brethren, that through this man is preached unto you the forgiveness of sins:Cited in WCF 11.1

39 And by him eall that believe are justified from all things, from which gye could not be justified by the law of Moses.Cited in WCF 11.1, 19.6

40 Beware, therefore, lest that come upon you which is spoken of in the hprophets;

41 Behold, ye despisers, and wonder, and perish:5 for I work a work6 in your days, a work which ye shall in no wise believe, though a man declare it unto you.

5 Perish. Rather, 'disappear,' 'hide yourselves,' through terror of your enemies.—C.

6 A work. The Babylonish captivity, foretold by Habakkuk (ch.1.5), the type of the national ruin of the Jews, about to be completed by the Romans, the imperial successors and representatives of the Babylonians.—C.

42 And when the Jews were gone out of the synagogue, the Gentiles7 besought that these words might be preached to them the next sabbath.8Cited in WCF 21.6

A.M. cir. 4050. A.D. cir. 46.

7 Proselytes, ver.16,26,43.

8 Gr. in the week between or sabbath between.

43 Now when the congregation was broken up, many of the Jews and religious proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas: who, speaking to them, persuaded them ito continue in the grace of God.

44 And the next sabbath-day jcame almost the whole city together to hear the word of God.Cited in WLC 109

45 But when the Jews saw the multitudes, kthey were filled with envy,9 and spake against those things which were spoken by Paul, contradicting and blaspheming.Cited in WLC 109, 113

k Job 5.2. Ec.4.4. ver.50;ch.14.2,19;17.5,13;18.6;19.9. Mat.23.13. 1 Th.2.16. 1 Pe.4.4.

9 Envy. Rather, 'zeal' for their own favourite doctrine of justification by the law of Moses.—C.

46 Then Paul and Barnabas lwaxed bold, and said, It was necessary that the word of God should nfirst have been spoken to you: but seeing oye put it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, lo, pwe turn to the Gentiles.1Cited in WLC 113

l ch.4.13. Ep.6.19,20.

n Mat.10.6. Lu.24.47. ch.3.26;13.26. Ro.1.16. Mat.15.24;22.3,4,9. Ro.9.4,5. Jn.4.22.

o Ex.32.9. ch.7.51. Jn.iii. Ps.81.11,12.

p Ex.32.10. De.32.21. Ro.10.19. Is.55.5. Mat.8.11,12;21.28,41,43. ch.11.18;18.6;28.28.

1 The Gentiles—that is, to the Gentiles of Antioch (ver. 42), but not to them, to the neglect or exclusion of the Jews: for even Paul, the apostle of the Gentiles, still continued to preach fervently and affectionately to the Jews, ch.17.2.—C.

47 For qso hath the Lord commanded us, saying, I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation unto the ends of the earth.2

q Mat.28.19. Mar.16.15. Lu.24.47. ch.1.8, with Is.49.6;42.6,7. ch.9.15. Ep.3.6,8. Ps.98.2,3. Lu.2.32.

2 It will be observed how careful the apostles were at all times to show not only that they were obeying the commands of their glorified Master; but that, in doing so, they were carrying out the spirit of the Old Testament Scriptures. Even now, in turning to the Gentiles, which the fanatical Jews considered so entirely opposed to the principles of their faith, Paul, with remarkable skill and tact, brings forward a proof of the rectitude of his acts from the prophet Isaiah.—P.

48 And when the Gentiles heard this, they rwere glad, and glorified the word of the Lord: sand as many as were ordained to eternal life believed.Cited in WLC 68

49 Andt the word of the Lord was published throughout all the region.

t Is.2.3. ch.6.7;19.4,20;12.24. Col.1.6,23. 2 Th.3.1.

50 But the Jews ustirred up the devout and honourable women, and the chief men of the city, and raised persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them out of their coasts.Cited in WLC 113

u See ver.45,43;ch.21.27. 2 Ti.3.11. Mat.10.23.

51 Butv they shook off the dust of their feet against them, and came unto Iconium.

v Mat.10.14. Mar.6.11. Lu.9.5. ch.14.6,11;18.6.

52 And the xdisciples were filled with joy, and with the Holy Ghost.

Notes

Ver. 5. Salamis. A city on the east side of Cyprus—not to be confounded with the island of Salamis, so famous in Grecian history as the scene of a memorable sea-fight and victory. This city attained to great eminence, but its very site has been swept away by the sea. C.

Ver. 9. Saul appears to have been his Hebrew, and Paul his Roman name; which, from this time onwards, the evangelist uses, as he had now become a preacher of the gospel to the Gentiles. C.

Ver. 29. And laid him in a sepulchre. This statement seems to disagree with Jn. 19.38, &c., in which, as well as in the other evangelists, his sepulture is ascribed to Joseph of Arimathea and his other disciples. The difference may easily be removed by the most simple and natural supposition, that some of the Pharisees who took so deep and malignant an interest in securing and watching the tomb, Mat. 27.62-66, had also taken an insulting and triumphant part in the funeral procession and act of sepulture. C.

Ver. 33. This day have I begotten thee—that is, from the dead, Ro. 1.4, even as every Christian is said to be 'begotten' on the day of his conversion, of his spiritual resurrection, 1 Co. 4.15; Phile. 10; 1 Pe. 1.3; 1 Jn. 5.1, 18. But the address does not ascribe his Sonship to his resurrection, for he had already been acknowledged as 'Son' by a voice from heaven—by his disciples on earth; and he himself had openly asserted the title before the Jews, Mat. 3. 17; 16. 16; Jn. 10. 36. Besides which, the eternity of the Father implies the eternity of the Son, he being described as 'that eternal Life that was with the Father,' 1 Jn. 1. 2, and to whom (as Son) the Father saith, 'Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever,' Ps. 45. 6, 7, and, 'Thou, Lord (Jehovah), in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth, and the heavens are the work of thy hands,' Ps. 102. 12, 25; He. 1. 8, 10. C.

Ver. 35. Of 'the Holy One of God' (Jesus Christ) it is expressly declared that he 'should not see corruption.' Wherefore, it is impossible the doctrine of transubstantiation can be true; for while that doctrine asserts that a piece of bread becomes, by what is called 'consecration,' the very body, and blood, and soul, and divinity of Christ, it admits that that same transubstantiated bread (body, &c.) may, and often does, see corruption. Wherefore, because it sees corruption, it cannot be the body of Christ. See ver. 27. C.

Ver. 39. Justification by the law of Moses is simply this: 'He that doeth these things shall live by them,' Ro. 10. 5. By that law, therefore, no sinner could ever be justified; that is, pardoned, and accepted as righteous before God. But 'being justified by faith in Jesus Christ, we have peace with God,' having 'redemption through his blood, even the forgiveness of our sins,' being made, through grace, 'accepted in the Beloved,' Ro. 5. 1; Ep. 1. 6, 7. C.

Ver. 48. The word translated 'ordained,' or its immediate cognates, occurs also Mat. 28. 16; Lu. 7. 8; Ac. 15. 2; 22. 10; 28. 23; Ro. 13. 1; 1 Co. 15. 16. Taking the examples in order, six unquestionably signify 'appointed,' or 'constituted,' by authority or decision of another, a superior. The last alone appears to signify 'self-devoted,' but that must still be under the power of the Spirit of God, 1 Co. 12. 6, 11; Phi. 2. 13, so that no other conclusion can be drawn but that 'believing' and 'eternal life' are alike the gifts of God, one combined with the act of man, the other absolutely. C.

Reflections.—Important is the work of preaching the gospel, and absolutely necessary for it is the direction of God's Spirit and providence. He qualifies his servants for it, calls them to it, and directs and succeeds them in it; and with pleasure and courage they may set about it if satisfied of their divine call. But Satan and his instruments will certainly oppose them in it with great warmth and earnestness, especially if great sinners and persons in power appear to be converted by it. Great will be their subtlety and mischievous ardour in opposing the gospel—the right ways of the Lord. All the arts of sorcery and infidelity; all the fury that blind zeal, temporal interests, and envy can inspire; all the powers of this world, are stirred up to oppress it. But no weapon formed against Zion shall prosper; for under the influence of the Holy Ghost the word shall the more spread and be glorified. Very important are the tidings it brings us concerning the promised Saviour; for whose being born, crucified, and raised from the dead, according to the ancient oracles of God, all former dispensations towards Israel but paved the way.—By infinitely wise and seasonable advances has the knowledge of Jesus Christ, and a full redemption through him, spread and prevailed in the world. Thrice happy are they who receive him as the light of life and propitiation for sins. From eternity he was the slain lamb of God. In time they are justified through their living faith, even from crimes for which the ceremonial laws allowed no expiation. They are endowed with the presence, supplies, and consolations of the Holy Ghost, and enabled to continue in the faith, profession, and obedience of the gospel, notwithstanding the most cruel persecution.—If among these converts some be remarkable for sense, others for stupid idolatries, all marks the wisdom and power of gospel grace.—But, alas! great is their sin and danger who, notwithstanding their visible relation to him, reject the Redeemer, and set themselves to reproach his servants, his truths, and ways. They thrust the gospel and eternal life from themselves, and provoke God to cast them off with sorrow into everlasting ruin. Take heed, my soul, to hear only such preachers as the Holy Ghost has qualified and regularly placed in their office. Let no station make me think myself above the gospel; and let no sinfulness make me reckon myself below it. Let reading and hearing of God's Word be my constant delight. And let me carefully observe all providences in connection with Christ. Regarding the word of salvation he hath sent, and receiving the sure mercies he hath given, let me serve my generation according to the will of God, and then fall asleep in the Lord.—If I am justified, let me manifest it by my good works. If I have grace implanted in my heart, let me continue therein. If I am benefited by ministers, let me love and cleave to them. And if for Jesus' sake I am tossed to and fro, let his comforts delight my soul.

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