The Acts of the Apostles
Acts 15
Chapter XV · Vol. IV, pp. 281–284
1 Great dissension ariseth touching circumcision. 6 The apostles consult about it, 22 and send their determination by letters to the churches. 36 Paul and Barnabas, thinking to visit the brethren together, fall at strife, and depart asunder.
1 AND certaina men which came down from Judea taught the bbrethren, and said, cExcept ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved.
a ver.5;ch.20.30;21.20. Ga.2.12. 2 Pe.2.1. Re.2.9.
b ver.19,23.
c Ge.17.10-14. Le.12.3. Jn.7.22. Ga.5.2-4. ver.5. Phi.3.2. Col.2.11,16. Tit.1.10.
2 Whend therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they1 determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem, unto ethe apostles and elders, about this question.Cited in WCF 31.1, 31.2
3 And being gbrought on their way2 by the church, they passed through hPhenice and Samaria, ideclaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and they caused jgreat joy unto all the brethren.3
A.D. cir. 51.
g ch.21.5. 2 Ti.4.11. Tit.3.13. Ro.15.24. 1 Co.16.6,11. 3 Jn.6.
2 Being brought on their way—may also be translated 'commissioned,' 'delegated;' but the scriptural use, in every other instance, seems to refer to aid for a journey, Ro. 15.24. 1 Co. 16.6,11. 2 Co.1.16. Tit. 3.13. 3 Jn.6.—C.
h ch.11.19;8.14.
i ch.14.27;13.48,52;21.19,20.
j Lu.15.7,10.
3 They appear to have travelled along the coast of Syria as far south as Ptolemais, and then turning inland, they went through Samaria to Jerusalem.—P.
4 And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the church, and of the apostles and elders, and they declared all things that God had done with them.Cited in WCF 31.1, 31.2
5 But there rose up certain4 of the sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.
A.D. cir. 52.
4 Or, rose up, said they, certain, ver. 1; ch.21.20;6.7, with 26.5.
7 lAnd when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up, and said unto them, Men1 and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel, and believe.Cited in WLC 119
l ch.10.20,34-48;11.12-18. Mat.16.18,19.
8 And God, nwhich knoweth the hearts, obare them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost, even as he did unto us;
9 And pput no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.Cited in WLC 119
p ch.10.15,28;11.17;12.24;13.48;14.1,27. 1 Co.1.1,2. He.9.13,14. 1 Pe.1.22. Ro.3.29,30.
10 Now therefore why tempt5 ye God, qto put a yoke6 upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear?Cited in WCF 20.1
5 Why will you try the forbearance of God by resisting his evident will, by doctrinally denying the possibility of salvation (ver. 1) to men whom he has already practically saved (ver. 9)?—C.
6 Not the moral law, which, as a rule of life, is of unchangeable obligation, but the ceremonial law, which, by reason of its many sacrifices and ordinances, was exceedingly burdensome, beyond the possibility of complete observance. Take the example of the three annual visits to Jerusalem, to which every male was bound, which though practicable to Jews resident within the boundaries of Canaan, must have been extremely burdensome to those that dwelt in neighbouring countries, and to those in more distant lands totally impracticable, Ex.24.17;34.23. De.16.16.—C.
11 But we believe rthat through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they.7Cited in WLC 72 · WCF 7.6, 14.2, 20.1
12 Then all the multitude kept silence, and gave audience to Barnabas and Paul, sdeclaring what miracles and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles by them.
s ver.4;ch.11.6;xiii.;14.27;21.19.
13 And tafter they had held their peace, Jamesu answered, saying, vMen and brethren, hearken unto me:8
u Not Mat.4.21. ch.12.1, but Mar.3.18;15.40. Ja.1.1. ch.12.17.
v See ch.13.15,26;22.1;23.1.
8 Though Peter, as usual, was one of the principal speakers, it is evident that James was president of the council. He sums up the whole matter, after all parties had been heard, and expresses the decision at which the assembly had arrived. The James here mentioned was not one of the twelve. He is the same who is styled in Ga. 1.19 'The Lord's brother,' and who wrote the epistle which bears his name.—P.
14 Simeon hath declared how God at the first xdid visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name.Cited in WLC 6, 45
x ver.7,12. Lu.1.78;2.31,32. Tit.2.11,14. Ro.11.36. Is.43.20,21.
15 And to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written,Cited in WLC 6, 45 · WCF 1.8, 1.9, 31.3
16 Aftery this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up:Cited in WLC 45
17 Thatz the residue of men might seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called, saith the Lord, who doeth all these things.
18 Knowna unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world.Cited in WLC 6 · WCF 2.2, 3.2, 5.1
19 Wherefore my sentence is, bthat we trouble not them which from among the Gentiles care turned to God:Cited in WCF 31.3
20 But that we write unto them, that they abstain from dpollutions of idols,9 and from efornication,1 and from gthings strangled,2 and from blood.
d Ex.20.3-5;34.15. 1 Co.8.1-10;10.14,20,21,28. Re.2.14,20;9.20. ch.21.25. Ro.14.14. ver.29. 1 Jn.5.21. Col.3.5.
9 Pollutions of idols. Taking part in feasting upon sacrifices offered to idols. See ver. 29.—C.
e 1 Co.5.1;6.9,18;10.8. Ep.4.17. 1 Th.4.3,5,7. He.12.15;13.4.
1 Fornication was, and still continues, an inseparable part of heathen abominations, and therefore required a special note of condemnation, when the instruction was directed to men just barely rescued from habitual idolatry.—C.
g Ge.9.4. Le.3.17;17.14;7.26. De.12.16,23.
2 Things strangled. Animals killed by suffocation, or twisting the neck, and in which the blood was retained.—C.
21 For Moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, being hread in the synagogues every sabbath-day.Cited in WLC 108 · WCF 21.5
22 Then pleased it the apostles and elders, with the iwhole church, to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch, with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed 3Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren:4Cited in WCF 31.2
i ch.8.1;ver.3. Mat.18.17. ver.23.
3 Perhaps not Joses Barsabas, ch.1.23, but his brother.
4 Silas became afterwards the close companion of the apostle Paul in some of his missionary journeys, Ac. 16.40;17.4. It is worthy of note that the contracted form of the name, Silas, is always used in this book, while in Paul's epistles we find the full form, Silvanus, 1 Co. 1.19, &c.—P.
23 And they wrote letters by them after this manner; The apostles, and elders, and 5brethren send greeting unto the brethren which are of the Gentiles in Antioch, and Syria, and Cilicia:Cited in WCF 31.2
5 All the oldest and best MSS. omit the 'and' before 'brethren.' The passage, therefore, should stand as follows:—'The apostles and the elders brethren,' &c.—P.
24 Forasmuch as we have heard, that jcertain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, Ye must be circumcised, and keep the law: to whom we gave no such commandment:Cited in WCF 31.3
25 It seemed good unto us, being assembled kwith one accord, to send chosen men unto you, with our beloved lBarnabas and Paul,Cited in WCF 31.2
26 Men that have nhazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
n ch.13.50;14.19. Ju.5.18.
27 We have sent therefore Judas and oSilas, who shall also tell you the same things by6mouth.Cited in WCF 31.3
28 For it seemed good pto the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no greater qburden than these necessary things:7Cited in WCF 31.3
p 1 Co.7.25,40. Jn.16.13.
q Re.2.24.
7 The council laid claim to divine guidance. The Holy Spirit spoke in and through them. In their letter they mention the Holy Spirit as the source of the decision, and the united council of apostles and presbyters as the ecclesiastical court commissioned to give expression and effect to the decision.—P.
29 Thatr ye abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication: from which if ye skeep yourselves, ye shall do well. Fare ye well.Cited in WCF 31.3
r ch.16.4;21.25;ver.20. 1 Co.viii. x. Ex.34.15. Le.3.17;17.14;19.26. De.12.16,23;15.23. 1 Sa.14.32. Ro.1.24,26. 1 Co.5.1,9,11;7.2. He.13.4.
30 So when they were dismissed, they came to Antioch: and when they had gathered the multitude together, they delivered the epistle:Cited in WCF 31.3
31 Which when they had read, they rejoiced for the 8consolation.9Cited in WCF 31.3
8 Or, exhortation.
9 The consolation of deliverance from the ceremonial law of the Jews.—C.
32 And Judas and Silas, being tprophets1 also themselves, exhorted the brethren with many words, and uconfirmed them.
t ch.13.1. 1 Co.12.28.
1 Prophets. Teachers under divine guidance of the Holy Spirit.—C.
u ver.41;ch.14.22;18.23. Ep.4.12,13.
33 And after they had tarried there a space, they were vlet go in peace from the brethren unto the apostles.
34 Notwithstanding, it pleased Silas to abide there still.
35 Paul also and Barnabas xcontinued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.
x ch.5.42;13.1;11.19,26.
36 And some days after, Paul said unto Barnabas, yLet us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do.
A.D. cir. 53.
y ch.13.4,13;14.1,21,23. Ro.1.11. 2 Co.11.28.
38 But Paul thought not good to take him with them, awho departed2 from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.
a ch.13.13;14.26.
2 Through weariness, fear of danger, affection for his mother (ch. 13.13), or some such temporary feeling, not implying desertion or apostasy.—C.
39 And bthe contention was so sharp3 between them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto cCyprus;
b ch.14.15. Ja.5.17. Ps.8.4;39.5. Ro.7.14,23.
3 The contention was so sharp. Literally, 'There occurred, therefore, a paroxysm' ('an excitement,' but not necessarily sharp or angry contention); as the same word translated 'sharp contention,' occurs He. 10.24, in the sense of a friendly emulation.—C.
c ch.4.36;11.20;13.4;27.4.
40 And Paul chose Silas, and departed, beingd recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God.4
d ch.14.26;13.3;20.32. 1 Co.3.6,7.
4 The most distinguished of the apostles and early followers of Jesus were yet men. They had human faults and failings. In everything bearing upon revelation they were under the infallible guidance of inspiration; but in ordinary matters they were not free from the influence of human prejudices and passions. Mark was nephew to Barnabas, hence the desire of the latter to take him on this journey. Paul apparently had right upon his side, for he and Silas were solemnly commended by the church to the grace of God.—P.
Notes
Ver. 20. Whether this precept, originally delivered to Noah, Ge. 9. 1-7, be still binding upon the Gentiles, is a point upon which much difference of opinion prevails among Christians—some holding the prohibition to be perpetually obligatory as much as the prohibition of idolatry and fornication with which it is associated; others holding the prohibition of idolatry and fornication alone to be perpetually obligatory, as founded on the first, second, and seventh commandments; but the prohibition of 'things strangled and blood' to be mere temporary accommodations to Jewish prejudices (comp. ch. 16. 3, with Ga. 2. 3-5; 5. 1-6); an abstinence from things not unlawful in themselves (1 Ti. 4. 4; Ro. 14. 14), but merely out of tenderness and charity to the prejudices and consciences of weaker brethren, Ro. 14. 15-21. In the midst of this division of opinion—a division among learned, sincere, and godly men—one thing is certain, that 'every man should be fully persuaded in his own mind' that he is following scriptural authority, not led by bodily appetite, 'in that thing which he alloweth,' Ro. 14. 5, 22. C.
Reflections.—Alas! how early a spirit of bigotry, legality, and attachment to ceremonies, began in the Christian church, to the great injury of the pure doctrines of salvation by Christ alone, through faith! And it is a great mercy that the church is now delivered from the ancient burdensome rites of Moses, which never availed to the purification of men's consciences; and that the salvation of sinners, greater or lesser, Jews or Gentiles, is wholly of free grace; for the faith of the gospel powerfully tends to the purification of men's hearts and lives.
—When attempts are made, especially under pretence of apostolic authority, to corrupt the peculiar doctrines of the gospel, and to pervert the souls of believers, it is high time to contend earnestly for the faith once delivered to the saints. But proud and angry contentions about mere circumstances should never trouble the church, and expose her to confusion, danger, and reproach. It is a mercy that Jesus has appointed courts in proper subordination, and proper regulations, for the happy adjusting of differences. And there is need in all our disputes to adhere closely to the Scriptures, and in all ecclesiastical decisions to manifest a strict regard to the gospel liberty secured by Christ, and to the weakness of tender consciences. If they be made with proper prudence and harmony, they will in general be heartily received by church-members for their edification. And greatly should we rejoice in the success of other churches, and in the union of Jews and Gentiles into one body of Christ; and carefully should all avoid giving offence to their neighbours, even in things indifferent in themselves. But since the gospel is necessary for the confirmation of believers, as well as for the conversion of sinners, not only ought ministers to labour in the ministrations of it, but all to rejoice in their success.—It is an unpleasing reflection that smaller differences should so often occasion sharp contentions between the best of men; and that dear friends should, in ill humour, bid each other adieu for life. It is nevertheless a mercy if God make the weakness of men a mean of spreading his gospel. Ver. 4. As they went through the cities. While a local and fixed ministry is undoubtedly sanctioned, because exemplified in the Acts and Epistles (Ac. 20. 17, 28, &c.; Tit. 1. 5), yet an itinerant ministry appears under equally apostolic sanction. Wherefore it well becomes all churches, however long and firmly settled in the faith, well to consider how far continuance of a similar itinerancy may still be necessary both to apostolic structure and apostolic success. C.