The Gospel According to Saint John
John 6
Chapter VI · Vol. IV, pp. 218–221
1 Christ feedeth five thousand men with five loaves and two fishes. 15 Thereupon the people would have made him king. 16 But withdrawing himself, he walked on the sea to his disciples: 26 reproveth the people flocking after him, and all the fleshly hearers of his word: 32 declareth himself to be the bread of life to believers. 66 Many disciples depart from him. 68 Peter confesseth him. 70 Judas is a devil.
1 AFTER these things aJesus went over the bsea of Galilee, which is the sea of Tiberias.1
A.D. cir. 32.
a Mat.14.13-21. Mar.6.31-44. Lu.9.10-17.
b Mat.4.18; 15.29; 14.34. Lu.5.1. Nu.34.12. Jos.12.3.
1 See note on Mat.4.18.—C.
2 Andc a great multitude followed him, because they saw his miracles which he did on them that were diseased.
5 Wheng Jesus then lifted up his eyes, and saw a great company come unto him, he saith unto Philip, Whence shall we buy bread, that these may eat?
6 And this he said to hprove him: for he himself knew what he would do.
h Ge.22.1. De.8.2,16; 33.8. 2 Ch.32.31.
7 Philip answered him, Two hundred pennyworth2 of bread is not sufficient for them, that every one of them may take a little.
A.M. cir. 4036. A.D. cir. 32.
2 i.e. £6, 9s., Nu.11.21,22. 2 Ki.4.43. Mar.6.37.
9 There is a lad here, which hath five barley-loaves, and two small fishes: jbut what are they among so many?
j Nu.11.21,22. 2 Ki.4.43. Mat.14.17. Mar.6.38. Lu.9.13. ver. 6.
10 And Jesus said, kMake the men sit down. Now there was much grass in the place. So the men sat down, in number about five thousand.
11 Andl Jesus took the loaves; and when he had ngiven thanks,3 he distributed to the disciples, and the disciples to them that were set down; and likewise of the fishes as much as they would.
* From this and the like expressions upon similar occasions, it is evident that our Lord's 'grace before meat' is not so properly designated 'asking a blessing' as 'giving thanks;' for he appears rather to take the food provided as evidence of the blessing already bestowed, and to return thanks to the Father, by whom it had been graciously provided.—C.
l Mat.14.19,20. Mar.6.41-43. Lu.9.16,17. Ps.37.16. Pr.13.25; 15.16,17.
n Ne.9.25. 1 Sa.9.13. Mat.15.36; 26.27; 24.45. Ex.23.25. Ro.14.6. 1 Ti.4.5.
3 See note * in first column.
12 When they were filled, he said unto his disciples, Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost.4Cited in WLC 141
4 Ne.8.10. 1 Ki.17.15,16. Pr.3.9,10; 11.24,25. Phi.4.19. The disciples had much more left than they had at the beginning.
13 Therefore they gathered them together, and filled twelve baskets with the fragments of the five barley-loaves, which remained over and above unto them that had eaten.
14 Then those men, when they had seen the miracle that Jesus did, said, oThis is of a truth that prophet that should come into the 5world.
o Ge.49.10. De.18.15-18. Is.7.14; 9.6; 35.4. Lu.7.16; 24.19. ch.1.21; 4.19,25,42; 7.40.
5 This single miracle of Christ was greater than the forty years of manna in the wilderness; for in the giving of that bread the hand of Moses was neither seen nor proclaimed. But here the miracle was directly the work of our Lord—an answer to his prayer—an emanation of his power.—C.
15 Whenp Jesus therefore perceived that they would come and take him by force, to make him a king, he departed again into a 6mountain himself alone.
p ch.5.41; 18.36; 19.14,15. Mat.21.9. Ac.14.13. Mar.6.46. Mat.14.23. ch.2.24.
6 Rather, 'the mountain' upon which he had sat with his disciples, ver. 3. It does not appear from the narrative that he had come down, as some suppose, to the plain, and returned to the mountain; but merely that he withdrew into some of its more secret recesses to prevent any popular tumult.—C.
17 And entered into a ship, and went8 over the sea toward rCapernaum. And it was now dark, and Jesus was not come to them.9
19 So when they had rowed about five and twenty or thirty furlongs[≈ 5.6 km · 3.4 miles],1 they see Jesus twalking on the sea, and drawing nigh unto the ship: andu they were afraid.
1 A furlong is the eighth part of a mile, Lu.24.13.
t Job 9.8. Ps.29.10; 93.4; 89.9.
A.M. cir. 4036. A.D. cir. 32.
u Mat.14.25-33. Mar.6.48-51. Is.40.27,28; 41.10,14; 43.1,2; 46.3,4. Ps.35.3. Re.1.17,18. Is.51.12,13.
20 But he saith unto them, It is I; be not afraid.
21 Then vthey willingly received him into the ship: and immediately the ship was at the land whither they went.
v Ca.3.4. Ps.24.7-10. Lu.2.28-30. Re.3.20.
22 The day following, when the people which stood2 on the other side of the sea saw that there was none other boat there, save that one whereinto his disciples were entered, and that Jesus went not with his disciples into the boat, but that his disciples were gone away alone;
2 These persons appear to have remained, in hope of finding our Lord, to compel him to assume the crown.—C.
23 (Howbeit there came other boats3 from Tiberias,4 nigh unto the place xwhere they did eat bread, after that the Lord had given thanks:)
24 When the people therefore saw that Jesus was not ythere, neither his disciples, they also took shipping, and came to Capernaum,5 seeking for Jesus.
y ver.15.
5 A city on the west of the Sea of Galilee, ver.17.
25 And when they had found him on the other side of the sea, they said unto him, Rabbi, when camest thou hither?
26 Jesus answered them and said, Verily, verily, I say unto you, zYe seek me, not because ye saw the miracles,6 but because ye did eat of the loaves, and were filled.
z Ps.78.34,37. Is.58.2. Ro.16.18. Phi.2.21. Ja.4.3,4.
6 Not because ye saw the miracles. Rather, 'Not because ye saw miracles' (as in ver.2), but because ye did eat, &c. Not as being convinced by visible miracles, which should lead spiritual men to acknowledge the divine evidence for Messiah by a process of reasoning, but by the appetite, which leads sensual men, as 'the beasts that perish,' by the mere animal impulse of want and supply.—C.
27 Labour not7 for athe meat which perisheth, but for bthat meat which endureth unto everlasting life, which cthe Son of man shall give unto you: dfor him hath God the Father sealed.8Cited in WLC 32, 42, 181
7 Or, Work not.
a ch.4.13. Ec.1.2; 5.11. Mat.6.19,20. Col.3.2; 2.22. 1 Co.6.13.
b ver.40,54,58; ch.4.14. Lu.10.42. Je.15.16.
c Is.55.1-3. ch.17.2. Ro.6.23. 1 Co.15.10.
d ch.8.18. Ps.2.7; 40.7. Is.42.1. Ac.2.22; 10.38. Is.11.2-4; 61.1. ch.3.34. 2 Pe.1.17. Mat.3.16,17; 17.5.
8 Sealed—by the unmeasured gift of 'that Spirit of promise' which came upon him at his baptism, and still abides with him in miraculous energy: Mat.3.16. Ep.1.13.—C.
29 Jesus answered and said unto them, gThis is the work of God, that ye believe9 on him whom he hath sent.
g Ex.23.21. 1 Jn.3.23; 5.10-12. ch.3.15-18,36; 14.1. Ps.2.12; 45.10,11.
9 How is believing a work?—1. It is a work of the Spirit of God in the intellectual man as much as the production of light out of darkness is a work in the natural world, 1 Co.12.3. 2. As it is a mental act of man himself in the examination and acknowledgment of evidence. 3. As it is eminently the primary work in the heart, from which all acceptable works must flow, Ga.5.6. He.11.6; 12.28. Ro.12.1,2. 1 Pe.2.5.—C.
30 They said therefore unto him, hWhat sign1 showest thou then, that we may see, and believe thee? what dost thou work?
h Mat.12.38; 16.1. ch.2.18. 1 Co.1.22.
1 What sign, directly from heaven, showest thou that we may see and believe thee to be, not merely 'that Prophet' foretold by Moses, but the 'Son of God,' the Messiah? Now, that the Jews distinguished between 'that Prophet' and Messiah, is evident from ch.7.40,41.—C.
31 Ouri fathers did eat manna in the desert; as it is written, He gave them bread from heaven to eat.
i Ex.16.4,14,15. Nu.11.7. Ne.9.15,20. Ps.78.24,25. 1 Co.10.3. ver.49.
32 Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Moses gave you not that bread from heaven;2 but my Father giveth you jthe true bread from heaven.
A.M. cir. 4036. A.D. cir. 32.
2 Moses gave you not that (true) bread from heaven, which feeds the soul to eternal life, but that mere temporal bread that feeds the body for death and corruption.—C.
j ver.33,35,48,50,51,53-58; ch.3.16. Ga.4.4. 1 Jn.4.9,10,14. Ga.1.20.
33 Fork the bread of God is he which cometh down from heaven, and giveth life unto the world.
k ch.10.9; 3.13,16,17; 14.6; 1.4. 1 Ti.1.15,16.
34 Then said they unto him, Lord, levermore give us this bread.3
l ch.4.15. Ps.4.6. ver.26.
3 They understood him still as speaking of mere temporal food.—C.
35 And Jesus said unto them, nI am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall never thirst.Cited in WLC 174 · HC 76
n ver.41,47-58; ch.7.37,38; 4.14. Is.55.1,2. Pr.9.5. Col.2.10,19. Ga.2.20. Re.7.16.
36 But I said unto you,4 That oye also have seen me, and believe not.
4 I said unto you, &c. The multitude whom Jesus had addressed (ch.5.24-47) had followed him, ch.6.2. He therefore seems here to refer to that former discourse, and to tax them with continued unbelief, and to attribute their following him to mere secular and sensual motives. See ver.26.—C.
o ver.14,26,34,64; ch.1.11; 5.40; 12.37. Is.53.2,3.
37 Allp that the Father giveth me5 shall come to me; qand him that cometh to me I will in no wise cast out.Cited in WLC 59, 63 · WCF 8.8, 10.1, 10.2
p ver.39,45. 2 Ti.2.19. Ro.11.5,7. ch.17.6,8; 10.26-29. 1 Jn.2.19. Mat.11.28. Is.45.17,22; 55.1. Mat.24.24.
5 All that the Father giveth me, as his children by a living faith, and my brethren by redemption, 1 Pe.1.3. Jn.1.12. He.2.11-17.—C.
q Ps.102.17. Is.1.18; 55.7. Lu.23.42,43. 1 Ti.1.15,16. Re.22.17.
39 Andt this is the Father's will which hath sent me, that of all which he hath given me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up again at the last day.Cited in WLC 59 · WCF 8.8 · HC 1
40 And this is the will of him that sent me, uthat every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life: and I will raise him up at the last day.Cited in HC 1, 76
42 And they said, xIs not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? how is it then that he saith, I came down from heaven?
43 Jesus therefore answered and said unto them, Murmur not among yourselves.
44 Noy man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw6 him: and I will raise him up at the last day.Cited in WSC 31 · WLC 67 · WCF 7.3, 9.3, 10.1
45 Itz is written in the prophets, And they shall be all taught of God. aEvery man therefore that hath heard, and hath learned of the Father, cometh unto me.Cited in WSC 31 · WLC 67 · WCF 1.6, 7.3, 10.1
z Is.54.13. Je.31.33,34. Mi.4.2. He.8.10-12; 10.16.
a Mat.11.27. Ga.1.15,16. Ep.1.17-20. Ac.26.17,18. Phi.1.29. 2 Co.4.6.
47 Verily,b verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me hath everlasting life.
b ch.3.15,16,36; ver.27,33,35,40,54,57,58; ch.10.28,29. Is.45.17.
49 Yourd fathers did eat manna in the wilderness, and are dead.
d Ex.16.4,15. Ne.9.15,20. Ps.78.24. ver.31. Nu.26.65. Ju.2.10. Zec.1.5.
50 eThis is the bread which cometh down from heaven, that a man may eat thereof, and not die.Cited in HC 76
e ver.32,33,38,41,47,48,58.
51 Ig am the living bread8 which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is hmy flesh, which I will give for the ilife of the world.Cited in HC 76, 79
g ver.33,35,47,48; ch.3.13. Ep.4.9. 1 Co.15.45,47. 1 Jn.5.12.
8 Rather, 'the life-giving or life-producing bread.'—C.
h ver.52-57. Is.53.4,5. He.10.5,10,20. Mat.20.28. Tit.2.14. 1 Ti.2.5,6. 1 Pe.2.24; 3.18. Re.5.9. Pr.9.2.
i ch.3.16. 1 Jn.2.2.
52 Thej Jews therefore strove among themselves, saying, kHow can this man give us his flesh to eat?Cited in HC 76
j ch.7.43; 9.16; 10.19.
k ch.3.4,9; 4.11. 1 Co.2.14.
53 Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, lExcept ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood,9 ye have no life in you.Cited in HC 76
l Mat.26.26,28. Mar.16.16. ch.3.18,36. Ga.2.20. Phi.3.9,10. 1 Co.1.30.
9 These words can give no countenance to the figment of transubstantiation, inasmuch as they require a man to 'eat the flesh and drink the blood;' while the Romish ritual denies the cup to the people, who therefore, upon their own principles, cannot be saved.—C.
54 Whoson eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life;1 and I will raise him up at the last day.Cited in HC 76
n ver.40; ch.1.14; 3.15,16,18,36; 4.14,27,40. Ga.2.20. Ro.8.1-4,28-39; 5.21.
1 These words cannot refer to transubstantiation; for, if they did, they would prove too much, and therefore, by an unquestionable rule of argument, prove nothing; that is, if they referred to transubstantiation at all, they would prove that every communicant, according to the Romish ritual, must be saved—an absurdity and a blasphemy too great for superstition itself to assert or the most implicit credulity to receive.—C.
57 Asr the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father: sso he that eateth me, even he shall live by me.Cited in HC 76
58 Thist is that bread which came down from heaven: not as your fathers did eat manna, and are dead: he that eateth of this bread shall live for ever.Cited in HC 76
t ver.31-40,47-57; ch.3.13; 10.10. Ro.5.21.
60 Manyv therefore of his disciples, when they had heard this, said, This is an hard saying; who can hear it?
61 When Jesus xknew in himself that his disciples murmured at it, he said unto them, Doth this offend you?
63 Itz is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are aspirit, and they are life.2
z 2 Co.3.6. 1 Pe.3.18. 1 Co.15.45. He.9.14.
a 1 Co.2.10-14. Ep.1.17-20. 1 Th.2.13; 1.5. Ps.19.7-10. He.4.12. Ps.119.50,93,130.
2 That is, my words concerning 'eating my flesh and drinking my blood,' are to be spiritually understood of that spiritual 'hunger and thirst' which my incarnation, work, and righteousness can alone satisfy and allay. See ch.7.37. Mat.5.6.—C.
64 Butb there are some of you that believe not. cFor Jesus knew from the beginning who they were that believed not, and who should betray him.Cited in WLC 68 · WCF 3.6, 10.4
b ver.61; ch.2.24,25; 13.11; ver.70,71. He.4.13. Ac.15.18. Is.46.9,10.
65 And he said, Therefore said I unto you, dthat no man can come unto me, except it were given unto him of my Father.Cited in WLC 68 · WCF 3.6, 9.3, 10.4
67 Then said Jesus unto the twelve, Will ye also go away?
70 Jesus answered them, iHave not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is ja devil?3
i Mat.10.2-4. Mar.3.14-19. Lu.6.13-16.
j ch.8.48; 13.2,21,27.
3 A devil—being taught of Satan, who was a liar, a betrayer, and a murderer from the beginning.—C.
Notes
Ver. 27-29. Beware of laying out your principal care and labour about temporal provision or other perishing enjoyments; but chiefly inquire after, and labour to possess, those spiritual and eternal blessings which I, as anointed and miraculously attested by my Father, freely give to every one that believes in me. Your great and important work, which God commands and seeks as a source of obedience and means of acceptance, is cordially to believe on and receive me, as the Sent of God, and his unspeakable gift offered in the gospel. 30, 31. What token can you produce of your Messiahship, and superiority to Moses, who not merely multiplied provision, but for forty years miraculously nourished our fathers in the wilderness with manna from heaven? 32-59. Christ calls himself bread in allusion to the manna, and because he, in his person, offices, work, and fulness, is the mean of all our spiritual and eternal life, happiness, and comfort. He is the true bread, of which the manna and all the bread used in the ancient oblations were but a typical shadow, and which is infinitely excellent, important, and permanent in its virtue. He is living bread, having all life in himself as Son of God, and as Mediator, and as being the Author of all spiritual life to sinful men. He is bread of life, which gives spiritual life to dead souls, and nourishes them up in knowledge and grace, comfort and holiness, to eternal life; and none that receive him by faith shall ever perish with hunger, or thirst for any necessary blessings. His flesh is meat indeed, and his blood drink indeed. His person God-man Mediator, and his righteousness, with the blessings secured by it, are eminent and gracious means of our spiritual and eternal life. To eat his flesh and drink his blood, is by faith to receive and rest on him for salvation, as God in our nature, who has fulfilled the law, and secured, and bestows all heavenly blessings upon us;—and by means hereof Christ dwells in us and we in him. There is the closest union and communion between him and us;—he dwelling in us by his Spirit, and we dwelling in him by the permanent habit of faith, and holding fellowship with him by repeated acts of it. 63, 64. Why do ye conceive prejudice against my saying that I came down from heaven, when in a short time some present shall see me ascend back to it? And the eating of my flesh and drinking of my blood must be understood in a spiritual, not in a carnal sense. It is only the operation of the Spirit of God that quickens souls to a spiritual and eternal life. The carnal eating of my flesh could profit no one. My words, which I have spoken unto you, relate to spiritual things: and are the means of conveying the Holy Ghost, and his enlivening influences, into men's hearts. But some of you, who profess to be my disciples, do not heartily believe in me; and are therefore ready to cavil at my doctrine, and put the most absurd construction on my words.
Reflections.—Worthy of repeated remembrance are the great works of our Redeemer. He often graciously perplexes his people, that he may have the honour of kindly answering their doubts. And if we have him with us, we can never want any good thing. The more liberal we are to others, from a principle of faith and love, the more liberal God will be to us. But we must never waste anything in hopes of his miraculous supply. Carnal minds greatly mistake the nature of Christ's kingdom. And his ministers ought earnestly to avoid every political office and work. Dark nights of desertion, temptation, and distress often quickly succeed the most delightful seasons of fellowship with Christ, and even himself is suspected for Satan. But under all our distresses his word alone can relieve and comfort. And his presence is doubly precious after fearful storms of darkness and grief. Powerfully do his visits hasten forward his people to the haven of glory. They therefore who truly love him, will grudge no pains to find him: and often they meet with him sooner, and more easily, than they expected. But, alas, that ever he should be sought, not from love, but for some carnal advantages!—What a wonderful, well furnished, and divinely authorized Saviour is Jesus Christ! Heavenly and divine is his original;—deep was his debasement, even unto death; —and high his exaltation to his Father's throne. He hath in himself, and gives to our souls, the living, life-giving, substantial, and abundant provisions of his grace.—And freely granted by himself and his Father to sinful men are all the blessings of his love. Yea, even the weakest act of faith on him secures permanent grace, a glorious resurrection, and eternal life! Every poor sinner is invited to him; and no one who comes, however weak or wicked, shall be neglected or turned away. But none either will or can come till they hear the gospel of Christ, and are quickened and convicted by the Holy Spirit.—Awful is the thought that many should prefer earthly enjoyments to him and his everlasting salvation;—should ignorantly or maliciously cavil at the declarations of his grace; should apostatize from him, offended with his spiritual doctrines or necessary reproofs; or should adhere to him in profession while carnal lusts are indulged in their heart. Never, O my soul, cavil at his words who is the wisdom of God! Never attempt to deceive him who searches the heart. Never neglect him who is thy food and thy life, and the length of thy days. Never refuse him who is the free, the unspeakable gift of God. Never doubt of that salvation which is intrusted to his care, who shuts out none, and turns away none who accept him as Savior. And never desert him who is Christ the quickening Son of the living God, full of grace and truth.
Measures in square brackets are modern equivalents added for this edition. They are not in the King James text or in Brown’s notes. They use common scholarly estimates: a cubit is about 45.7 cm (18 in), a shekel about 11.4 g (0.4 oz), an ephah about 22 litres. Money values give the worth of the silver or gold at spot prices on 28 October 2026, not what the sum would buy in the ancient world.