The Gospel According to Saint Luke
Luke 20
Chapter XX · Vol. IV, pp. 194–195
1 Christ avoucheth his authority by a question of John's baptism. 9 The parable of the vineyard. 19 Of giving tribute to Cæsar. 27 He confuteth the Sadducees concerning the resurrection. 41 How Christ is the son of David. 45 He warneth his disciples to beware of the scribes.
1 And ait came to pass, that on one of those days, as he taught the people in the temple, and preached the 1gospel, bthe chief priests and the scribes came upon him, with the elders,
A.M. cir. 4037. A.D. cir. 33.
1 As he taught the people, and preached the gospel. In modern times there have arisen professed ministers of the gospel, who undervalue the ordinance of preaching, and place the efficacy of religion chiefly in baptism, the Lord's Supper, or fasting and prayer. Without once undervaluing any of these ordinances of God, let the teaching and preaching of the Lord furnish a rebuke to all such imaginations, which impiously undervalue what Jesus practised, as the chief means of 'convincing and converting sinners, and of building up believers, through faith, unto salvation.'—C.
b 1 Ch.xxiv. Ex.19.7. Nu.11.16. Ru.4.4. 1 Sa.15.30.
2 And spake unto him, saying, Tell us, cby what authority doest thou these things? or who is he that gave thee this authority?
5 And they reasoned with themselves, gsaying, If we shall say, From heaven; he will say, Why then believed ye him not?
g Mar.11.31. Mat.21.25,31,32. ch.7.29,30.
6 But and if we say, Of men; hall the people will stone us: ifor they be persuaded that John was a prophet.
8 And Jesus said unto them, kNeither tell I you by what authority I do these things.2
2 See note on Mat. 21.27.—C.
9 Then began he to speak to the people this parable: lA certain man planted a vineyard, and let it forth to mhusbandmen, and went into oa far country for a long time.
l Mat.21.33-46. Mar.12.1-12. Is.5.1-7. Ca.8.11,12. Je.2.21. Ps.80.8-14. 1 Co.3.6-9.
m Nu.iii.iv.viii. De.1.15; 16.18; 17.9-15.
o ch.19.12. Ac.1.11; 3.21. Ep.6.20,21. 1 Pe.3.22. Ps.110.1.
10 And at the season he psent a servant to the husbandmen, that they should give him of the qfruit of the vineyard; rbut the husbandmen beat him, and sent him away empty.
p 2 Ki.17.13,14. 2 Ch.36.15,16. Ne.9.29,30. Je.44.4,5. Ho.6.5.
r 1 Ki.22.24. 2 Ch.16.10; 23.19,21; 36.16. Je.xx.xxvi.xxxvi.-xxxviii. 1 Th.2.15. Ne.9.26. He.11.35-37. Mat.23.31-37. Ac.7.52.
11 And again he sent another servant: and they beat him also, and entreated him shamefully, and sent him away empty.
12 And again he sent a third: and they wounded him also, and cast him out.
13 Then said the lord of the vineyard, What shall I do? sI will send my beloved son: it may be they will reverence him, when they see him.
14 But when the husbandmen saw him, they reasoned among themselves, saying, This is tthe heir: come, ulet us kill him, that the inheritance may be ours.
15 So they cast him out of the vineyard, and killed him. vWhat therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do unto them?
v See Mat.21.41,43; 8.11,12. Ps.21.8-12; 69.22-28. Pr.1.24-32. Ro.11.7-25. Ac.13.46; 18.6. Mar.16.15,16.
16 Hex shall come and destroy these husbandmen, and shall give the vineyard to others. And when they heard it, they said, God 3forbid.
x Ne.9.36,37.
3 They said, God forbid. Because they (the people, ver. 11) recollected the case of Archelaus, most probably alluded to, ch. 19. 27, and interpreting what was spiritual by what was temporal, they deprecated a judgment they could not deny to be deserved by the general unbelief of the nation and blind infatuation of their rulers. See ver. 17.—C.
17 And he beheld them, and said, What is this then that is written, yThe stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner?
A.M. cir. 4037. A.D. cir. 33.
y Ps.118.22. Ac.4.11. Mar.12.10. Mat.21.42. Is.28.16. Mat.16.18. Ep.2.14-22; 1.20-23. Phi.2.9-11. 1 Pe.2.7.
18 Whosoeverz shall fall upon that stone shall be broken; but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder.
z Is.8.14,15. Ro.9.33. 1 Pe.2.7. Mat.21.44. Zec.12.3. Ps.2.9. 1 Th.2.16. 2 Co.3.14; 4.3,4. Da.2.34,35,44.
19 Anda the chief priests and the scribes the same hour sought to lay hands on him; and they feared the people: for they perceived that he had spoken this parable against them.
a 2 Ti.4.3. ch.11.45,53,54. Mar.12.12. Mat.21.45,46. ver.6.
20 Andb they watched him, and sent forth spies, which should feign themselves just men, that they might take hold of his words, that so cthey might deliver him unto the power and authority of the governor.
21 And they asked him, saying, dMaster, we know that thou esayest and teachest rightly, neither acceptest thou the person4 of any, but teachest the way of God truly:5
d Mat.22.16. Mar.12.15. Ps.12.2; 55.21. Mat.26.49,50.
e 2 Co.2.17. 1 Th.2.4. Ga.1.10. Ac.10.34,35. Is.11.4.
4 Neither acceptest thou the person of any one, through partiality, but judgest every man according to his individual merits.—C.
5 Or, of a truth.
22 Isg it lawful for us to give tribute unto Cæsar, or no?
g Mat.22.17-21. Ezr.4.13. Ac.5.37. Je.42.2,3.
25 And he said unto them, lRender therefore unto Cæsar the things which be Cæsar's, and unto God the things which be God's.
26 And they could not take hold of his words before the people: and they nmarvelled at his answer, and held their peace.
n Mat.22.21,33,46. Tit.1.10,11. 1 Co.1.19,20. Job 5.12,13. ver.39,40.
27 Theno came to him certain of the Sadducees, which deny that there is any resurrection; and they asked him,
28 Saying, Master, Moses6 wrote unto us, If any man's brother die, having a wife, and he die without children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.
6 De.25.5-8. Ge.38.8,26, with Job 1.2; 42.13. They imagined that in the future state men must have their wives, &c., as in this world.
29 There were therefore seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and died without children.
30 And the second took her to wife, and he died childless.
31 And the third took her; and in like manner the seven also: and they left no children, and died.
32 Last of all the woman died also.
33 Therefore in the resurrection whose wife of them is she? for seven had her to wife.
34 And Jesus answering said unto them, pThe children of this world marry, and are given in marriage:
A.M. cir. 4037. A.D. cir. 33.
p ch.17.27. 1 Co.vii. 1 Ti.4.3; 5.14. He.13.4.
35 But they which qshall be accounted worthy to obtain that world, and the resurrection from the dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage:
36 Neitherr can they die any more:7 for they are equal unto the angels; and are the children of God, being the children of the 8resurrection.
r Re.21.4. 1 Co.15.26,52-55,42,49. 1 Jn.3.2. Ro.8.17,23. Col.3.4. Ps.17.15; 16.10,11. 2 Ti.2.12.
7 See note * in first column.
8 Ver. 35 and 36 are not found in the other Gospels, and contain some things worthy of special note. 'The children of this world marry'—they must do so; it is one of those great laws necessary to the happiness and to the very existence of mankind. But after the resurrection marriage will be no longer necessary, either to secure the happiness or the continuance of the race: for (1) there will be no death; and (2) the children of the resurrection will be the companions of angels and 'children of God.' They will be partakers of the divine nature, being partakers of the divine life and love.—P.
37 Now that the dead are raised, seven Moses showed at the bush, when he calleth the Lord the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.
39 Then certain of the scribes answering said, Master, thou hast well said.
42 And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, xThe LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,
x Ps.110.1. Ac.2.34. 1 Co.15.25. He.1.3,13; 8.1; 10.13. Ep.1.20-23. 1 Pe.3.22. Ps.21.8-12; 110.5,6; 69.22-28.
43 Till I make thine enemies thy footstool.
44 David therefore calleth him Lord; yhow is he then his son?9
y Is.7.14; 9.6. Jn.1.14. Ro.1.3,4; 9.5. Re.22.16. 1 Ti.3.16. Ga.4.4. 2 Ti.2.8. ch.1.35.
9 Nothing offended the Pharisees more than our Lord's assertion of his deity (see Jn. 10. 30, 31, 38, 39) on the ground of his miraculous works. Here he, therefore, asserts it on the ground of Scripture; for if he were David's Lord, how could he possibly be David's Son? This difficulty, this contradiction in terms, can be solved upon no principle but one—'the Word was God,' and 'the Word became flesh.' As God, he was David's Lord; as man, he was David's son, Re. 22. 16.—C.
45 Then zin the audience of all the people he said unto his disciples,
z Mat.23.1. 1 Ti.5.20. Is.58.1. Ps.40.9,10. ch.12.1.
46 Bewarea of the scribes, which desire to walk in long robes, and love greetings in the markets,and the highest seats in the synagogues, and the chief rooms at feasts;
a Mat.23.3,5-7. Mar.12.38-40. ch.11.43; 14.7. 3 Jn.9. Pr.16.18; 18.12; 29.23. Hab.2.4.
Notes
Reflections.—Fear of men may restrain persecutors from murdering, but not from cavilling. Satan and his emissaries will always oppose Christ and his gospel, and his spiritual headship over his church, to their utmost. And it is but lost labour to attempt persuading such as are resolved to shut their eyes against all conviction, and who will take the most base and false evasions to avoid it. Surprising is the patience and mercy of God, that so long affords unfruitful and rebellious sinners such means of grace which they spurn and reject. But dreadful will be their condition at last, when all the injuries they had done to Jesus and his ministers shall come back upon them, and he shall glorify his power in spite of all their sinful opposition. Faithful ministers have great need to be always on their guard against deceitful brethren. Pretences to piety, and of regard to civil rulers, and cavils of carnal reasoning, will be all tried to ensnare or expose them. But let us at once fear God and honour the king, and hold fast plain Scripture truths, in the well-grounded hope of a glorious resurrection. It is necessary that we believe God's truths with all our heart, but not that we should be able to answer every wicked cavil against them. And in the faith and contemplation of Christ as God-man in one person, let us hate hypocrisy and avoid hypocrites.