The Self-Interpreting BibleJohn Brown of Haddington

The Gospel According to Saint Luke

Luke 24

Chapter XXIV · Vol. IV, pp. 201–204

1 Christ's resurrection is declared by two angels to the women that come to the sepulchre. 9 These report it to others. 13 Christ himself appeareth to the two disciples that went to Emmaus: 36 afterwards he appeareth to the apostles, and reproveth their unbelief: 47 giveth them a charge: 49 promiseth the Holy Ghost: 51 and so ascendeth into heaven.

Notes ↓

1 Now upona the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they came unto the sepulchre, bringing the spices which they had prepared, and certain others with them.

2 And they found bthe stone rolled away from the sepulchre.

3 And they entered in, and cfound not the body of the Lord Jesus.

4 And it came to pass, as they were much perplexed thereabout, behold, dtwo men1 stood by them in shining garments:2

d Mar.16.5-7. Mat.28.5-7. Jn.20.12. Ge.18.2; 19.15. Jos.5.13. Ac.1.10. Da.vii.viii.x. Zec.i.-vi.

1 Two men. Two angels in human form.—C.

2 Two angels are here mentioned; the English version says 'stood by them,' but the original merely signifies 'appeared to them,' without determining in what attitude. Mark mentions only one angel, who sat 'by the right side' of the tomb (ch. 16. 5). Matthew also mentions one, who sat on the stone which he had rolled away from the door. The full account may be that they saw one angel outside who followed them in; they saw another inside on entering; and Luke, without stating the whole facts, mentions the two as 'appearing to them.'—P.

5 And as they were afraid, and bowed down their faces to the earth, they said unto them, Why seek ye the living3 among the dead?

3 Or, him that liveth, Re.1.18. He.7.8. 1 Ti.1.17.

6 He is not here, but is risen: eremember how he spake unto you when he was yet in Galilee,Cited in WCF 29.6

Vol. IV, p. 202

7 Saying, The Son of man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and the third day rise again.

8 Andg they remembered his words,

9 Andh returned from the sepulchre, and told all these things unto the eleven, and to all the rest.

h Mat.28.8. Mar.16.8. ver.22-24.

10 Iti was Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, and Mary the mother of James, and other women that were with them, which told these things unto the apostles.

i Jn.20.1. ch.8.2,3; 23.49,55. Mat.27.55,56. Mar.15.40,41.

11 Andj their words seemed to them as idle tales, and they believed them not.

12 Thenk arose Peter, and ran unto the sepulchre; and stooping down, he beheld the linen clothes laid by themselves,4 and departed, wondering in himself at that which was come to pass.5

k Jn.20.2,3,6-10.

4 The linen clothes laid by themselves. An instance of that love of order that characterized our Lord in the days of his flesh—an evidence that he was risen, and not stolen, from the grave.—C.

5 See note on Jn.20.1.—P.

13 And,l behold, two of them went that same day to a village called Emmaus,6 which was from Jerusalem about threescore furlongs[≈ 11 km · 6.9 miles].7

l Mar.16.12,13. ver.18.

6 Josephus mentions two or three places called Emmaus, the most important of which, situated near Lydda, became afterwards the seat of a Roman colony, and was then called Nicopolis. The Emmaus of Luke is situated between seven and eight miles north-west of Jerusalem, and still exists as a poor village, chiefly inhabited by Christians.—C.

7 This most interesting narrative occurs only in Luke, who doubtless received his information from one of the two disciples. The incident is just referred to in a single sentence by Mark, ch. 16. 12.—P.

14 And they ntalked together of oall these things which had happened.Cited in WLC 160

15 And it came to pass, that, while pthey communed together and reasoned, Jesus himself drew near, and went with them.

16 Butq their eyes were holden,8 that they should not know him.

q Jn.20.14,15; 21.4. Mar.16.12. ver.31.

8 Whether 'their eyes were holden'—by their unbelief in the resurrection (ver. 25), by the sorrow of their hearts, by inattention to the appearance of their fellow-traveller, by some considerable change in his personal appearance, or by some overruling miraculous agency, does not distinctly appear: and where, through lack of information, it is impossible to determine, it must be useless, and may be presumptuous, to inquire.—C.

17 And he said unto them, What manner of communications are these that ye have one to another, as ye walk, and are sad?

18 And the one of them, whose name was Cleopas,9 answering said unto him, Art thou only a stranger in Jerusalem, and hast not known the things which are come to pass there in these days?

9 Or, Alpheus, Mat.10.3. Mar.3.18. ch.6.15. Jn.19.25.

19 And he said unto them, What things? And they said unto him, Concerning Jesus of Nazareth, which was ra prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people:

20 Ands how the chief priests and our rulers delivered him to be condemned to death, and have crucified him.

21 But we trusted that it had been he twhich should have redeemed Israel:1 and, beside all this, to-day is the third day since these things were done.

1 These had followed Jesus, firmly believing in his divine mission, through the evidence of his miracles; but never extending their views to anything but a temporal kingdom and deliverance from the Roman yoke.—C.

22 Yea,u and certain women also of our company made us astonished, which were early at the sepulchre;

23 And when they found not his body, they came, saying, that they had also seen a vision of angels, which said that he was alive.

24 Andv certain of them which were with us went to the sepulchre, and found it even so as the women had said: but him they saw not.

v ver.12. Jn.20.3,10.

25 Then he said unto them, xO fools, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken!

26 Oughty not Christ to have suffered these things, and to enter into his glory?

27 And zbeginning at Moses, and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself.2Cited in WSC 2 · WCF 1.3

* Alford's note on these words is most important. It accords fully with my own view and with my observations on Mat. 5. 17. 'I take "the things concerning himself" to be something very different from mere prophetical passages. The whole Scriptures are a testimony to him: the whole history of the chosen people, with its types, and its law, and its prophecies, is a showing forth of him; and it was here the whole—all the Scriptures—that he laid out before them. This general leading into the meaning of the whole as a whole, fulfilled in him, would be much more opportune to the place and time occupied than a direct exposition of selected passages. ... Observe the testimony which the Old Testament Scriptures; so that the denial of the references to Christ's death and glory in the Old Testament is henceforth nothing less than a denial of his own teaching.'—P.

z Ge.3.15; 22.18; 26.4; 49.10. Ex.xxv.-xxx. xxxv.-xl. Le.i.-xvi. Nu.21.9. De.18.15-18. Ps.ii.viii.xvi.xxii.lxix.lxxii.xlv.cxxxii. Is.7.14; 9.6,7; 35.3-8; 11.1-10; 42.1-7; xlix.l.lii.liii. Je.23.5,6; 30.21; 31.22; 33.15,16. Eze.xxxiv. Da.2.44; 9.24-27. Mi.5.2-4. Zec.3.8,9; 6.12,13; 13.7. Mal.3.1-3. Hag.2.7. ver.44. Jn.1.45. Ac.3.22; 10.43; 26.22.

2 See note * in first column.

28 And they drew nigh unto the village, whither they went: and he made as though he would have gone further.3

3 This was not dissimulation, but what every rule of ordinary civility required; for as a mere traveller he had no right to intrude upon them.—C.

29 But they aconstrained him, saying, Abide with us: for it is toward evening, and the day is far spent. And he went in to tarry with them.

30 And it came to pass, as he sat at meat with them, bhe took bread, and blessed it, and brake, and gave to them.

31 And their eyes cwere opened, and they knew him; and he vanished4 out of their 5sight.

c ver.16. Jn.20.16.

4 He vanished. 'He became invisible to them,' either miraculously, or by suddenly withdrawing during the paroxysm of their surprise.—C.

5 Or, ceased to be seen of them.

32 And they said one to another, Did not our heart dburn within us, while he talked with us by the way, and while he opened to us the scriptures?

33 And they rose up the same hour, and returned to Jerusalem, and found the eleven egathered together, and them that were with them,

34 Saying, The Lord is risen indeed, and ghath appeared to Simon.

g 1 Co.15.5. Mar.16.7, with ch.22.54-62.

35 Andh they told what things were done in the way, and how he was known of them in breaking of bread.

36 Andi as they thus spake, Jesus himself stood in the midst of them,6 and saith unto them, Peace be unto you.

i Mar.16.14-18. Jn.20.19-23. Mat.10.13; 28.9. ch.10.5. 1 Co.15.5,7.

6 Most probably by miraculously opening and shutting the door, as the angel did (Ac. 5. 19, 23; 12. 10), the door of the house being doubtless secured; being shut, as John records, for fear of the Jews, Jn. 20. 19.—C.

37 Butj they were terrified and affrighted, and supposed that they had seen a spirit.

38 And he said unto them, kWhy are ye troubled? and why do thoughts arise in your hearts?

39 Beholdl my hands and my feet, that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit7 hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have.Cited in WSC 4 · WLC 52 · WCF 2.1, 29.6

l Jn.20.20,27. 1 Jn.1.1. Ps.103.12,13.

7 A spirit. A mere disembodied spirit.—C.

40 And when he had thus spoken, he showed them his hands and his feet.

41 And while they yet believed not for 8joy, and wondered, he said unto them, nHave ye here any meat?

8 The joy of the probability of the resurrection, prevented them from leisurely examining the evidence of its certainty.—C.

n Jn.21.5,10,13. Ac.10.41. ver.30,35, with Ge.45.26.

42 And they gave him a piece of a broiled fish, and of an honey-comb.

43 And he took it, and did eat before them.

44 And he said unto them, oThese are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the 9law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.Cited in WSC 2 · WCF 1.3

o Mat.16.21; 17.22,23; 20.18,19. Mar.8.31; 9.31; 10.33. ver.6,7; ch.9.22; 18.31,32; 21.22. Ac.3.18; 13.27,33. Mi.5.2. Hag.2.7. Zec.9.9; 13.7. Mal.3.1-3; 4.2. See on ver.27. Ps.xxii.cx. Jn.16.1; 1.45.

9 As in Ge. 3. 15. Is. liii. Da. 9. 26. Ho. 6. 2. Ps. xxii.; 16. 10, &c. C. —The Jews classified the whole of the books of the Old Testament under three heads or divisions—The Law, including the Pentateuch; The Prophets, including Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, and all the Prophets except Daniel; The Psalms, including the rest of the canonical books. This division was universally known in the time of our Lord. Consequently our Lord here uses the terms Law, Prophets, and Psalms as proper names; and as he declares that each division was prophetic, he thus testifies to its inspiration.—P.

EMMAUS—SHOWING WHERE CHRIST MADE HIMSELF KNOWN TO HIS DISCIPLES AFTER THE RESURRECTION. [Luke, xxiv:13.] The Emmaus represented in the picture is one of the villages making special claim to be the place where Christ made himself known, after his resurrection, to his disciples. The particular Emmaus given in the above illustration is about five miles from Jerusalem, on the road to Jaffa. There are some noble old olive trees here, and there is an air of repose and restfulness about the place which somehow falls into line with our feelings as to the kind of place Emmaus ought to be. The village is built up near the top of the hill and in quietness and grace conforms very well to the beautiful and divine life that was made known to the disciples, in the breaking of bread, in this immediate locality.
Vol. IV, p. 204

45 Then popened1 he their understanding, that they might understand the scriptures,Cited in WLC 157

A.M. cir. 4037. A.D. cir. 33.

p Ac.16.14. 1 Co.2.13. Mat.13.11. 2 Co.4.6. Ps.119.105.

1 By expounding the Scriptures, and by putting forth the power of his Spirit to enlighten their dark hearts until they comprehended their meaning.—C.

46 And said unto them, qThus it is written, and thus it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day:

q See on ver. 26, 27, 44. Ps.22.7-16; 16.8-11. Is.53.3,5. Ac.2.25; 4.12; 13.35; 17.3. 1 Pe.1.3.

47 Andr that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name samong all nations, beginning at Jerusalem.Cited in WCF 15.1

48 Andt ye are witnesses of these things.

49 And, behold, I send uthe promise of my Father upon you:2 but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high.

A.M. cir. 4037. A.D. cir. 33.

u Joel 2.28. Is.44.3,4. Pr.1.23. Eze.36.27. Jn.14.16,26; 15.26; 16.7-14. Ac.1.4,8; 2. Ga.3.14.

2 'The promise of my Father' was the Holy Ghost.—P.

50 And he led them out as far vas to Bethany,3 and he lifted up his hands, and xblessed them.Cited in HC 46

v Mat.21.1. Mar.11.1. Ac.1.10-12.

3 He led the disciples out from Jerusalem, over the Mount of Olives, as far as to Bethany—not into the village, nor beyond it, but to some spot on the hill-side near it. The exact spot is unknown. It could not have been, as tradition holds, the top of the mount, for that was not half-way to Bethany.—P.

x Ge.27.4; 48.9; 49.28. Ps.72.17. Ep.1.3.

51 And it came to pass, while he blessed them, he ywas parted from them, and carried up into heaven.Cited in HC 46

52 Andz they worshipped him, and returned to Jerusalem with agreat joy:

53 And were continually in the 4temple, bpraising and blessing God. Amen.

4 Continually in the temple. That is, at all proper times of worship or discourse.—C.

Notes

Ver. 26. 'Ought he not to have suffered,' in obedience to the divine will, in manifestation of eternal love, in fulfilment of all prophecy (Ge. 3.15; Ps. 22.1, &c.; Is. 50. 6; 53. 1, &c.; Da. 9. 26), and to respond to all the types by which he was represented 'in the history of providence and Mosaic sacrifices.' C.

Ver. 30. The similarity of the expression and of the act to those of the original institution of the Lord's supper, seems to indicate that it was here again celebrated by our Lord as introductory to drawing the attention and opening the eyes of his disciples. See ver. 35. C. Ver. 52. They worshipped him. This must have been divine worship; for, according to Ac. 1. 9, 10, they continued gazing, looking up, after him, until the angel spoke, after which no worship but divine worship could be offered to one that was absent and invisible. C.

Reflections.—How certain and sweet is the news of our Saviour's resurrection! Yea, often he surprises the most unlikely and unworthy with such discoveries of himself as they are apt to think too great or too good to be true. They who seek him early find him quickly; and they who talk of him have their eyes enlightened and hearts warmed by his presence. How seasonable are his visits! and what light his explications cast on the Scriptures, which relate to his sufferings or glory! And if men insist upon and plead for the continuance of his presence, they shall receive still further information which will render them ready and desirous to communicate to others the mercies they have been made to partake of. But, alas! wonderful is the remaining stupidity and groundless fears of many who are really gracious in heart! And great is the folly of that unbelief which contends against the fullest evidence, and against our own best interests. And it is very unchristian, and unlike Christ, to eat our meals without asking God's blessing on them, or returning him thanks for them, or without attempting to hold fellowship with Jesus in them. Astonishingly great is our Redeemer, in whom all the oracles of God are Yea and Amen, to his glory. Endearing is his love that blesses his people, notwithstanding their manifold infirmities, and gives them his Spirit to qualify them for every trial or service to which he calls them. In abundant grace he began his work of pardon and conversion upon them who had just imbrued their hands in his blood. Delightful was his departure, blessing his disciples; and exalted and glorious is his dignity in heaven.

O that my heart and eye, my faith and hope, could closely follow him—looking after him, adoring him, blessing God for him, depending on him for all necessary blessings, and longing to be with him, that when he appears the second time, without sin, it may be unto my salvation.

Concluding Remarks on the Book of Luke.

There can be no doubt that Luke was that "beloved physician" who forsook a respected and lucrative profession to become the companion of Paul in persecution and poverty (Col. 4. 14; 2 Ti. 4. 11; Phile. 24). The prescription which Paul gives to Timothy (1 Ti. 5. 23), for his health's sake, was most probably suggested by Luke: the Spirit of God thereby honouring the medical profession in the person of a godly physician. By some he is supposed to have been the unnamed disciple that accompanied Cleophas to Emmaus (ch. 24. 13, 18), and that, from modesty, he has suppressed his own name, as he has also done in the Acts of the Apostles, which internal evidence and history concur in ascribing to him. But whether he accompanied Cleophas or not, is a matter alike uncertain and unimportant.

The authenticity of Luke's Gospel is evidenced even by those called apostolic fathers; and its special value consists in the amount of events and discourses which he minutely records, and which are not contained in the other evangelists, as may be seen by reference to the introductory observations. C.

Measures in square brackets are modern equivalents added for this edition. They are not in the King James text or in Brown’s notes. They use common scholarly estimates: a cubit is about 45.7 cm (18 in), a shekel about 11.4 g (0.4 oz), an ephah about 22 litres. Money values give the worth of the silver or gold at spot prices on 28 October 2026, not what the sum would buy in the ancient world.

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